Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency

Party

Kyrgyzstan added

• Ratification: 17-09-2025 (A)
• Entry into force: 17-10-2025
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Uzbekistan added

• Ratification: 30-07-2025 (A)
• Entry into force: 29-08-2025
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Liberia added

• Ratification: 18-09-2024 (A)
• Entry into force: 18-10-2024
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Party

Algeria modified

• Reservations / Declarations: Yes

• added reservation
  Date unknown
  Upon signature: [ … ] The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria declares that it will apply the Convention provisionally in accordance with Article 15. (Original: French) Upon signature, as confirmed upon ratification:: Pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 8, the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article. Pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article 10, the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article. Pursuant to paragraph 3 of Article 13, the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria does not consider itself bound by thde provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article and [ … ] no dispute can can be submitted to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice without the prior consent of all the parties concerned. (Original: Arabic and French)

Eritrea modified

• Reservations / Declarations: Yes

• added reservation
  Date unknown
  Upon accession: The immunities from legal process stated in paragraph 2(a) and 3(b) of [Article 8] shall not apply either in the case of a civil action instituted by a third party for damages resulting from an accident caused by a motor vehicle belonging to an official of the assisting party or in the case of traffic violations involving the above vehicles.

Ghana added

• Ratification: 05-09-2016 (A)
• Entry into force: 05-10-2016
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the modified

• Reservations / Declarations: Yes

• added reservation
  Date unknown
  Upon signature: [ … ] in accordance with Article 15 of that Convention, [ the] Government, anticipating the entry into force of the Convention for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, will apply its provisions provisionally. This provisional application will come into effect thirty days from today, or, in case the Convention will not be in force for at least one other State at that time, on the date on which the Convention will have become applicable to one other State either by means of entry into force or by means of a declaration of provisional application. The provisions of article 10, second paragraph, are being excluded from this provisional application. Communication received on 12 October 2010: With effect from 10 October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles will cease to exist as part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. From that date onwards, the Kingdom will consist of four parts: the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. […] The modification of the structure of the Kingdom will […] not affect the validity of the international agreements ratified by the Kingdom for the Netherlands Antilles: these agreements, including any reservations made, will continue to apply to Curaçao and Sint Maarten. The other islands that have until now formed part of the Netherlands Antilles - Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saaba - will become part of the Netherlands, thus constituting 'the Caribbean part of the Netherlands'. The agreements that now apply to the Netherlands Antilles will also continue to apply to these islands; however, the Government of the Netherlands will now be responsible for implementing these agreements.

Syria modified

• Reservations / Declarations: Yes

• added reservation
  Date unknown
  Upon Ratification: [...] The ratification of this Convention by the Syrian Arab Republic shall not imply in any way whatsoever recognition of Israel, entry into direct or indirect relations with it, or involvement with it in any activities governed by the provisions of the Convention. [...] The Syrian Arab Republic has reservations regarding implementation of the provisions of paragraph 1, subparagraphs 2(a) and 2(b) and subparagraphs 3(a) and 3(b) of article 8 of the Convention concerning privileges, immunities and facilities and exemption from taxation, duties or other charges; article 9 concerning transit of personnel, equipment and property; subparagraphs 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and 2(d) of article 10 concerning claims and compensation; and paragraph 2 of article 13 concerning settlement of disputes. (Original: Arabic)

Party

Turkmenistan added

• Ratification: 14-11-2023 (A)
• Entry into force: 14-12-2023
• Reservations / Declarations: No
• Objections: No

General information

• Entry into force: 26-02-1987

Kingdom part

Netherlands (in Europe)

• Provisional application: 27-10-1986
• Entry into force: 24-10-1991

Netherlands (Bonaire)

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Netherlands (Sint Eustatius)

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Netherlands (Saba)

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Aruba

• Entry into force: 24-10-1991

Curaçao

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Sint Maarten

• Entry into force: 10-10-2010

Party

Afghanistan

• Signature: 26-09-1986

Albania

• Ratification: 30-04-2003 (A)
• Entry into force: 31-05-2003

Algeria

• Signature: 24-09-1987
• Ratification: 15-01-2004 (R)
• Entry into force: 15-02-2004

Armenia

• Ratification: 24-08-1993 (A)
• Entry into force: 24-09-1993

Bangladesh

• Ratification: 07-01-1988 (A)
• Entry into force: 07-02-1988

Belgium

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 04-01-1999 (R)
• Entry into force: 04-02-1999

Benin

• Ratification: 18-09-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 18-10-2019

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Ratification: 30-06-1998 (Su)
• Entry into force: 01-03-1992

Botswana

• Ratification: 11-11-2011 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-12-2011

Brazil

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 04-12-1990 (R)
• Entry into force: 04-01-1991

Bulgaria

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 24-02-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 26-03-1988

Burkina Faso

• Ratification: 07-08-2014 (A)
• Entry into force: 06-09-2014

Cameroon

• Signature: 25-09-1987
• Ratification: 17-01-2006 (R)
• Entry into force: 16-02-2006

Chile

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 22-09-2004 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-10-2004

Costa Rica

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 16-09-1991 (R)
• Entry into force: 17-10-1991

Côte d'Ivoire

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 21-09-2020 (R)
• Entry into force: 21-10-2020

Croatia

• Ratification: 29-09-1992 (Su)
• Entry into force: 08-10-1991

Cyprus

• Ratification: 04-01-1989 (A)
• Entry into force: 04-02-1989

Czech Republic

• Ratification: 24-03-1993 (Su)
• Entry into force: 01-01-1993

Czechoslovakia (<01-01-1993)

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 04-08-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 03-09-1988

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Signature: 30-09-1986

Ecuador

• Ratification: 16-09-2019 (A)
• Entry into force: 16-10-2019

Eritrea

• Ratification: 13-03-2020 (A)
• Entry into force: 12-04-2020

Estonia

• Ratification: 09-05-1994 (A)
• Entry into force: 09-06-1994

Gabon

• Ratification: 19-02-2008 (A)
• Entry into force: 20-03-2008

Georgia

• Ratification: 10-04-2018 (A)
• Entry into force: 10-05-2018

Guatemala

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 08-08-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 08-09-1988

Holy See

• Signature: 26-09-1986

Hungary

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 10-03-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 10-04-1987

Iceland

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 27-01-2006 (R)
• Entry into force: 26-02-2006

Jordan

• Signature: 02-10-1986
• Ratification: 11-12-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 11-01-1988

Kazakhstan

• Ratification: 10-03-2010 (A)
• Entry into force: 09-04-2010

Kuwait

• Ratification: 13-05-2003 (A)
• Entry into force: 13-06-2003

Laos

• Ratification: 10-05-2013 (A)
• Entry into force: 09-06-2013

Latvia

• Ratification: 28-12-1992 (A)
• Entry into force: 28-01-1993

Lebanon

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 17-04-1997 (R)
• Entry into force: 18-05-1997

Lesotho

• Ratification: 17-09-2013 (A)
• Entry into force: 17-10-2013

Libya

• Ratification: 27-06-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 28-07-1990

Liechtenstein

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 19-04-1994 (R)
• Entry into force: 20-05-1994

Lithuania

• Ratification: 21-09-2000 (A)
• Entry into force: 22-10-2000

Luxembourg

• Ratification: 26-09-2000 (A)
• Entry into force: 27-10-2000

Madagascar

• Ratification: 03-03-2017 (A)
• Entry into force: 02-04-2017

Malawi

• Ratification: 11-02-2022 (A)
• Entry into force: 13-03-2022

Mali

• Signature: 02-10-1986
• Ratification: 01-10-2007 (R)
• Entry into force: 31-10-2007

Mauritania

• Ratification: 19-11-2011 (A)
• Entry into force: 19-10-2011

Mexico

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 10-05-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 10-06-1988

Moldova

• Ratification: 07-05-1998 (A)
• Entry into force: 07-06-1998

Mongolia

• Signature: 08-01-1987
• Ratification: 11-06-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 12-07-1987

Montenegro

• Ratification: 21-03-2007 (Su)
• Entry into force: 03-06-2006

Morocco

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 07-10-1993 (R)
• Entry into force: 07-11-1993

Mozambique

• Ratification: 30-10-2009 (A)
• Entry into force: 29-11-2009

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 23-09-1991 (R)
• Provisional application: 26-10-1986
• Entry into force: 24-10-1991

Niger

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 05-12-2016 (R)
• Entry into force: 04-01-2017

Nigeria

• Signature: 21-01-1987
• Ratification: 10-08-1990 (R)
• Entry into force: 10-09-1990

North Macedonia

• Ratification: 20-09-1996 (Su)
• Entry into force: 17-11-1991

Panama

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 01-04-1999 (R)
• Entry into force: 02-05-1999

Paraguay

• Signature: 02-10-1986
• Ratification: 06-02-2013 (R)
• Entry into force: 08-03-2013

Philippines

• Ratification: 05-05-1997 (A)
• Entry into force: 05-06-1997

Poland

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 24-03-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 24-04-1988

Portugal

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 23-10-2003 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-11-2003

Qatar

• Ratification: 04-11-2005 (A)
• Entry into force: 04-12-2005

Rwanda

• Ratification: 23-09-2021 (A)
• Entry into force: 23-10-2021

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Ratification: 18-09-2001 (A)
• Entry into force: 19-10-2001

Senegal

• Signature: 15-06-1987
• Ratification: 24-12-2008 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-01-2009

Serbia

• Ratification: 05-02-2002 (Su)
• Entry into force: 27-04-1992

Sierra Leone

• Signature: 25-03-1987

Singapore

• Ratification: 15-12-1997 (A)
• Entry into force: 15-01-1998

Slovakia

• Ratification: 10-02-1993 (Su)
• Entry into force: 01-01-1993

Slovenia

• Ratification: 07-07-1992 (Su)
• Entry into force: 25-06-1991

Sudan

• Signature: 26-09-1986

Switzerland

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 31-05-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 01-07-1988

Syria

• Signature: 02-07-1987
• Ratification: 17-09-2018 (R)
• Entry into force: 17-10-2018

Tajikistan

• Ratification: 23-09-2011 (A)
• Entry into force: 23-10-2011

Tanzania

• Ratification: 27-01-2005 (A)
• Entry into force: 26-02-2005

Tunisia

• Signature: 24-02-1987
• Ratification: 24-02-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 27-03-1989

Uruguay

• Ratification: 21-12-1989 (A)
• Entry into force: 21-01-1990

Yugoslavia (< 25-06-1991)

• Ratification: 09-04-1991 (A)
• Entry into force: 10-05-1991

Zimbabwe

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 20-09-2021 (R)
• Entry into force: 20-10-2021

Argentina

• Ratification: 17-01-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 17-02-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  17-01-1990
  In accordance with Article 8, paragraph 9, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions concerning privileges and immunities under Article 8, paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Convention; In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 5, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions concerning claims and compensation under Article 10, paragraph 2; In accordance with Article 13, paragraph 3, the Argentine Republic does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention.

Australia

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 22-09-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 23-10-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  22-09-1987
  .. as permitted under Article 8.9 of the Convention, that Australia will not be bound by Articles 8.2 and 8.3.

Austria

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 21-11-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 22-12-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  21-11-1989
  ...in conformity with article 10 paragraph 5(b) of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency that Austria will not apply paragraph 2 of the aforementioned article in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused death, injury, loss or damage.

Belarus

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 26-01-1987 (R)
• Provisional application: 26-09-1986
• Entry into force: 26-02-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-01-1987
  The Byelorussian SSR will not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party and states that, for submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice, the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary.

Bolivia

• Ratification: 22-08-2003 (A)
• Entry into force: 21-09-2003
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  22-08-2003
  Article 8, paragraph 9: Privileges, immunities and facilities Bolivia declares that it does not consider itself bound in whole by paragraphs 2 and 3 of this article. Article 10, paragraph 5: Claims and compensation Bolivia declares that it does not consider itself bound in whole by paragraph 2, and that it will not apply that paragraph in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage. Article 13, paragraph 3: Settlement of disputes Bolivia declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the two dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of this article.

Cambodia

• Ratification: 26-09-2022 (A)
• Entry into force: 26-10-2022
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-09-2022
  1. The Kingdom of Cambodia does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 10 on Claims and Compensation of that Convention. 2. The Kingdom of Cambodia does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph (2) of Articles 13 on Settlement of Disputes of that Convention.

Canada

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 12-08-2002 (R)
• Entry into force: 12-09-2002
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  12-08-2002
  The Government of Canada declares, in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8, that Canada does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article. Canada does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of Article 10 of the Convention.

China

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 10-09-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 11-10-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  10-09-1987
  China shall not apply paragraph 2, Article 10 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage. China shall not be bound by the two dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2, Article 13.

Colombia

• Ratification: 23-06-2005 (A)
• Entry into force: 23-07-2005
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  23-06-2005
  In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 5 of the Convention, Colombia declares that it does not consider itself bound in whole by paragraph 2 of the same Article.

Cuba

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 08-01-1991 (R)
• Entry into force: 08-02-1991
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  08-01-1991
  The Government of the Republic of Cuba declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, that it does not consider itself bound by the procedure stipulated in paragraph 2 for the settlement of disputes.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

• Signature: 29-09-1986
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  29-09-1986
  l. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea does not consider itself bound by either of dispute settlement procedures provided for in article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and in article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency. 2. In view of the urgency of the question of nuclear safety the Democratic People's Republic of Korea will apply both conventions provisionally.

Denmark

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 26-09-2008 (R)
• Entry into force: 26-10-2008
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-09-2008
  Denmark would like to declare that it will not apply Article 8, paragraph 2 (a), in cases of willful misconduct or gross negligence by personnel of the assisting party and personnel acting on behalf of the assisting party. This declaration is made in accordance with Article 8, paragraph 9. Denmark would also like to declare that it will not apply Article 10, paragraph 2, in cases of gross negligence, which declaration is made in accordance with Article 10, paragraph 5 (b). Until further notice the Convention shall not apply to Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

Egypt

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 17-10-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 17-11-1988
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  17-10-1988
  1.The Arab Republic of Egypt considers that Article 5 of the Convention relating to the "Functions of the Agency" shall be read and applied in the light of, and in accordance with, Article 2.6; 2.The Arab Republic of Egypt interprets Article 7 to mean that the needs of developing countries shall be taken specially into account during consideration of requests for assistance in the event of nuclear accidents; 3.The Arab Republic of Egypt considers that the obligations relating to privileges and immunities referred to in Article 8 shall be applied in accordance with Egyptian law; 4.The Arab Republic of Egypt declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in Article 13, paragraph 2.

El Salvador

• Ratification: 28-07-2005 (A)
• Entry into force: 27-08-2005
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  28-07-2005
  With reference to the provisions of Article 4.1, the Republic of El Salvador designates the Ministry of Public Health and Social Security as its competent authority and point of contact authorized to make and receive requests for and to accept offers of assistance; With reference to Article 10.5, the Government of the Republic of El Salvador does not consider itself bound by and will not apply paragraph 2 of this Article; With reference to the provisions of Article 13 of this Convention, the Government of the Republic of El Salvador does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, as it does not recognize the mandatory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice.

EURATOM (European Atomic Energy Community)

• Ratification: 14-11-2006 (A)
• Entry into force: 14-12-2006
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  14-11-2006
  The Community possesses competences, shared with its Member States, in the field of assistance in the event of a radiological emergency, to the extent provided by Article 2(b) and the relevant provisions of Title II, Chapter 3 'Health and Safety' of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

• Ratification: 19-10-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 19-11-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  19-10-1990
  Pursuant to Article 14, paragraph 5(c), the Director-General of FAO declares that, within its constitutional mandate to monitor and evaluate the world food security situation, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is competent to advise governments on measures to be taken in terms of the agricultural, fisheries and forestry practices to minimize the impact of radionuclides and to develop emergency procedures for alternative agricultural practices and for decontamination of agricultural, fisheries and forestry products, soil and water.

Finland

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 27-11-1990 (R)
• Entry into force: 28-12-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  27-11-1990
  Finland will not apply paragraph 2 of Article 10 in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage.

France

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 06-03-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 06-04-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  06-03-1989
  The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with Article 8.9, that France does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article; The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with Article 10.5, that France does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of that Article; The Government of the French Republic declares, in accordance with Article 13.3, that France does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article.

Germany

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 14-09-1989 (R)
• Provisional application: 26-09-1986
• Entry into force: 15-10-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  14-09-1989
  ...the said Convention shall also apply to Land Berlin with effect from the date on which it has entered into force for the Federal Republic of Germany.

Greece

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 06-06-1991 (R)
• Provisional application: 26-09-1986
• Entry into force: 07-07-1991
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-09-1986
  According to their respective articles 13 and 15, the above two conventions will be provisionally applied in Greece within the framework of the existing internal legislation.

India

• Signature: 29-09-1986
• Ratification: 28-01-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 28-02-1988
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  28-01-1988
  1.The Government of India hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8 of the Convention. 2.The Government of India hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by para 2 of Article 10 of the Convention. 3.The Government of India hereby declares that it does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in para 2 of Article 13 of the Convention.

Indonesia

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 12-11-1993 (R)
• Entry into force: 13-12-1993
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  12-11-1993
  The Government of the Republic of Indonesia does not consider itself bound by the provision of Article 13 of this Convention and takes the position that any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of this Convention may only be submitted to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice with the agreement of all parties of the dispute.

Iran

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 09-10-2000 (R)
• Entry into force: 09-11-2000
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  09-10-2000
  ... In accordance with Article 8, paragraph 9 of the Convention, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8; In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 5 of the Convention, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 10; In accordance with Article 13, paragraph 3 of the Convention, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 13. This Government may, if it deems appropriate, in each individual case submit a dispute to arbitration in conformity with internal laws and regulations.

Iraq

• Signature: 12-08-1987
• Ratification: 21-07-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 21-08-1988
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: Yes

• reservation
  21-07-1988
  1. Article 8 concerning immunity from legal proceedings: availing ourselves of the powers granted to the States signing the Convention under Article 10, paragraphs 5(a) and (b), we consider that cases of gross negligence should be excluded from absolute immunity so that the assisting party will not be exempt from responsibility. 2. Iraq does not consider itself bound by* Article 13, paragraph 2 concerning the obligation to accept arbitrators appointed by the President of the International Court of Justice or the Secretary-General of the United Nations. 3. This ratification does not in any way imply recognition of Israel or entering into any relationship with it.

  objection to reservation

  Objections Israel, 04-01-1989

  The Government of the State of Israel has noted that the instruments of Ratification of the Republic of Iraq of the above mentioned Conventions contain a declaration in respect of Israel. In the view of the government of the State of Israel, such declaration, which is explicitly of a political character, is incompatible with the purposes and objectives of these Conventions and cannot in any way affect whatever obligations are binding upon Iraq under general international law or under particular Conventions. The Government of the State of Israel will, in so far as concerns the substance of the matter, adopt towards the Republic of Iraq an attitude of complete reciprocity.

Ireland

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 13-09-1991 (R)
• Entry into force: 14-10-1991
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-09-1986
  Ireland hereby declares that in accordance with article 8, paragraph 9 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 8 thereof. Ireland hereby declares that in accordance with article 10, paragraph 5 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 10 thereof.

Israel

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 25-05-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 25-06-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  25-05-1989
  The Government of the State of Israel declares that Israel does not consider itself bound by the provisions of: paragraph 2(a) of Article 8 paragraph 2 of Article 10 paragraph 2 of Article 13.

Italy

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 25-10-1990 (R)
• Entry into force: 25-11-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  25-10-1990
  Italy understands the term 'duties' in Article 8.2(b) to refer only to customs duties. Moreover, it specifies that exemption from taxation, duties or other charges cannot apply to value-added tax (VAT) and that in no case can said exemptions apply to Italian nationals or persons resident in Italy on a permanent basis. Pursuant to Article 10.5(b), the Government of the Italian Republic declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 in cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage. Lastly, the Government of the Italian Republic makes the following interpretative declaration: (a) The general provision contained in Article 8.1 shall concern only those privileges, immunities and exemptions specified in the following paragraphs, to the exclusion of all else; (b) The immunity referred to in Article 8.2(a) shall be understood to be affordable in respect of acts or omissions committed in the performance of and in connection with the duties discharged.

Japan

• Signature: 06-03-1987
• Ratification: 09-06-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 10-07-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  09-06-1987
  The Government of Japan declares that it does not consider itself bound by Paragraph 2(b) of Article 8 with respect to the income tax, local inhabitant taxes and the enterprise tax as well as any identical or substantially similar taxes on personnel acting on behalf of an assisting party and that it will afford to the said personnel exemption from these taxes to the extent provided for in a convention for the avoidance of double taxation between Japan and the State of which the personnel is a resident.

Malaysia

• Ratification: 01-09-1987 (S)
• Entry into force: 02-10-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  01-09-1987
  The Government of Malaysia declares, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, that Malaysia does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article.

Mauritius

• Ratification: 17-08-1992 (A)
• Entry into force: 17-09-1992
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  17-08-1992
  In accordance with Article 13 paragraph 3 of the Convention Mauritius declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures set out in paragraph 2 of Article 13.

Monaco

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 19-07-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 19-08-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  19-07-1989
  The Principality of Monaco declares that: (1) In conformity with paragraph 9 of Article 8, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article; (2) In conformity with paragraph 5 of Article 10, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article; (3) In conformity with paragraph 3 of Article 13, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article.

Myanmar

• Ratification: 04-10-2022 (A)
• Entry into force: 03-11-2022
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  04-10-2022
  In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 and 3 of Article 8 of the Convention, concerning the privileges, immunities and facilities. In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 10, the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar declares that it does not consider itself bound in whole by paragraph 2 of Article 10 of the Convention. In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, the Government of the Republic of Myanmar declares that it does not consider itself bound by provision of paragraph 2 of Article 13 of the Convention which provide the possibility for submission of the disputes to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party to such dispute and declares that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice, the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary.

Namibia

• Ratification: 27-07-2020 (A)
• Entry into force: 26-08-2020
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  27-07-2020
  Pursuant to Article 13, paragraph 3 of the Convention, the Republic of Namibia declares that it does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2.

New Zealand

• Ratification: 11-03-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-04-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  11-03-1987
  In accordance with Article 8 (9) of that Convention I declare on behalf of the Government of New Zealand that New Zealand does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 8 (2) (a) and Article 8 (3) (b) of the Convention.

Nicaragua

• Ratification: 11-11-1993 (A)
• Entry into force: 12-12-1993
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  11-11-1993
  ... in accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention, [Nicaragua] does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions relating to privileges and immunities contained in paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article. Likewise, in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 10, it does nor consider itself bound by any of the provisions relating to claims and compensation contained in paragraph 2 of that Article. Furthermore, the Government of Nicaragua, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article.

Norway

• Ratification: 26-09-1986 (S)
• Entry into force: 26-02-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-09-1986
  In conformity with article 8, paragraph 9 of the Convention, Norway does not consider herself bound by article 8, paragraph 2(a) as far as immunity from civil proceedings are concerned and by article 8, paragraph 2(b) as far as exemption from taxation, duties or other charges for personnel of the assisting party is concerned.

Oman

• Ratification: 09-07-2009 (A)
• Entry into force: 08-08-2009
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  09-07-2009
  Firstly: Pursuant to the text of Article 8.9 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the Sultanate of Oman does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8 relating to privileges and immunities. Secondly: Pursuant to the text of Article 10.5, the Sultanate of Oman: (a) Does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this Article; (b) Will not apply paragraph 2 of this Article in a case of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage Thirdly: Pursuant to the text of Article 13.3, the Sultanate of Oman does not consider itself bound by the dispute settlement procedures contained in paragraph 2 of this Article.

Pakistan

• Ratification: 11-09-1989 (A)
• Entry into force: 12-10-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  11-09-1989
  The Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 10, paragraph 2, with respect to cases of gross negligence by the individuals who caused the death, injury, loss or damage. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 13, paragraph 2, which provides the possibility for submission of disputes to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party to such dispute and declares that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice, the consent of all parties concerned in each individual case is necessary.

Peru

• Ratification: 17-07-1995 (A)
• Entry into force: 17-08-1995
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  17-07-1995
  (a) Privileges and immunities: In accordance with paragraph 9 of Article 8, the Government of the Republic of Peru declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of that article. (b) Claims and compensation: In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 10, the Government of Peru declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the provisions relating to claims and compensation set forth in paragraph 2 of that article. (c) Settlement of disputes: In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, the Government of the Republic of Peru declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article.

Republic of Korea, the

• Ratification: 08-06-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 09-07-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  08-06-1990
  The Government of the Republic of Korea declares pursuant to paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency that it does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of that Article. And the Government of the Republic of Korea declares pursuant to paragraph 5 of Article 10 of the said Convention that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of that Article.

Romania

• Ratification: 12-06-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 13-07-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  12-06-1990
  Romania does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency and declares that the submission of any international dispute on the interpretation or the application of those Conventions to arbitration or its referral to the International Court of Justice requires the agreement of all the parties to the dispute.

Russian Federation

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 23-12-1986 (R)
• Entry into force: 26-02-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  23-12-1986
  ... will not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary.

Saudi Arabia

• Ratification: 03-11-1989 (A)
• Entry into force: 04-12-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: Yes

• reservation
  03-11-1989
  (1) The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will not be bound in whole or in part by paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8 relating to the grant of privileges, immunities and facilities to the assisting parties. (2) The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 of Article 10 relating to claims and compensation. The Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will apply local law in deciding on the relevant procedures. (3) In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 13, the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia declares that it does not consider itself bound by any of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that Article. (4) With regard to Article 9, relating to the transit of personnel, equipment and property to and from the requesting State, the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will not be bound to facilitate the transit through its territory of personnel, equipment and property unless there exist diplomatic relations between the Kingdom and the States Parties concerned during the provision of assistance. Accession to these two Conventions does not in any way imply recognition of Israel and shall not lead to any involvement with Israel on matters governed by these Conventions.

  objection to reservation

  Objections Israel, 25-05-1989

  The Government of the State of Israel has noted that the instrument of accession of Saudi Arabia to the above mentioned Conventions contains a reservation in respect of Israel. In the view of the Government of the State of Israel, such reservation, which is explicitly of a political character, is incompatible with the purposes and objectives of these Conventions and cannot in any way affect whatever obligations are binding upon Saudi Arabia under general international law or under particular Conventions. The Government of the State of Israel will, in so far as concerns the substance of the matter, adopt towards Saudi Arabia an attitude of complete reciprocity.

South Africa

• Signature: 10-08-1987
• Ratification: 10-08-1987 (R)
• Entry into force: 10-09-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  10-08-1987
  (a) the Government of the Republic of South Africa does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlements provided for in Article 13, paragraph 2, of the Convention, (b) the signature of this Convention by the Republic of South Africa in no way implies recognition by South Africa of the United Nations Council for Namibia or its competence to act on behalf of South West Africa/Namibia.

Spain

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 13-09-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 14-10-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  13-09-1989
  The Kingdom of Spain declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions in paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 8, in paragraph 2 of article 10, and in paragraph 2 of article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency.

Sri Lanka

• Ratification: 11-01-1991 (A)
• Entry into force: 11-02-1991
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  11-01-1991
  (i) The Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka considers that the obligations relating to the grant of privileges, immunities and facilities in terms of Article 8, shall be subject to the applicable laws, regulations and procedures of Sri Lanka. (ii) The Government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka declares, in accordance with Article 10.5, that Sri Lanka does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of the said Article.

Sweden

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 24-06-1992 (R)
• Entry into force: 25-07-1992
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  24-06-1992
  Under Article 10 item 5b): Sweden reserves the right, notwithstanding what is stated in Article 8 concerning immunities and privileges, to retroactively reclaim reimbursement paid from a tortfeasor, acting on behalf of the assisting party, who has caused damage by intent or gross negligence. Sweden will furthermore apply Swedish rules concerning apportionment on grounds of contributory negligence. Under Article 8 item 9: Sweden declares that the rules on immunities and privileges in the Convention shall not apply to participants in rescue operations who are Swedish citizens or are resident in Sweden.

Thailand

• Signature: 25-09-1987
• Ratification: 21-03-1989 (R)
• Entry into force: 21-04-1989
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  21-03-1989
  Thailand does not consider itself bound by the provisions concerning: (i) the privileges, immunities stipulated in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 8; (ii) the claims and compensation prescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 10, and (iii) both of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 13.

Türkiye

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 03-01-1991 (R)
• Entry into force: 03-02-1991
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  03-01-1991
  In conformity with the article 8 paragraph 9 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, Turkey does not consider itself bound by article 8 paragraph 2(a) with regard to the immunity from civil proceedings, by paragraph 2(b) concerning exception from taxation, duties or other charges for personnel of the assisting party. Turkey hereby declares that in accordance with article 10, paragraph 5 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 article 10. Turkey hereby declares that in accordance with paragraph 3 of the article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 13, thereof.

Ukraine

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 26-01-1987 (R)
• Provisional application: 26-09-1986
• Entry into force: 26-02-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  26-01-1987
  The Ukrainian SSR will not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 11, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident and Article 13, paragraph 2 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which envisage the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party, and states that for submission of any international dispute to arbitration or referral to the International Court of Justice the agreement of all parties in each individual case is necessary.

United Arab Emirates

• Ratification: 02-10-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 02-11-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  02-10-1987
  The Government of the United Arab Emirates, in accordance with Paragraph 3 of Article 13, does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Paragraph 2 of that Article.

United Kingdom

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 09-02-1990 (R)
• Entry into force: 12-03-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  09-02-1990
  In pursuance of paragraph 9 of Article 8 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, the United Kingdom hereby declares that it considers itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 of the said Article 8 to the following extent: 1. in cases where assistance is provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency, to the extent to which the privileges and immunities provided for in those paragraphs are accorded in the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency, approved by the Board of Governors on 1 July 1959; 2. in cases where assistance is provided by any other international intergovernmental organisation, to the extent to which the United Kingdom has agreed to accord the privileges and immunities provided for in those paragraphs; 3. in cases where assistance is provided by a State Party to the Convention, to the following extent: (a) in relation to the State Party providing assistance to the extent that that State Party is itself bound by those paragraphs in relation to the United Kingdom; (b) the United Kingdom shall only be bound to apply paragraph 2(b) in cases where the State Party is providing assistance without cost to the United Kingdom; and (c) the exemption from taxation provided for in paragraph 2(b) shall only extend to an exemption from income tax on the salaries and emoluments of personnel which are paid from the State Party providing assistance and the United Kingdom reserves the right to take those salaries and emoluments into account for the purpose of assessing the amount of taxation to be applied to income from other sources.

United States of America

• Signature: 26-09-1986
• Ratification: 19-09-1988 (R)
• Entry into force: 20-10-1988
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  19-09-1988
  In accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 2 and paragraph 2 of article 7, the United States declares that reimbursement of costs is among the terms of assistance it may provide unless the United States explicitly specifies otherwise or waives reimbursements. With respect to any other state party that has declared pursuant to paragraph 9 of article 8 that it does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 or 3, the United States declares pursuant to paragraph 9 that in its treaty relations with that state the United States does not consider itself bound by paragraphs 2 and 3 to the same extent provided in the declaration of that other state party. With respect to any other state party that has declared pursuant to paragraph 5 of article 10 that it does not consider itself bound in whole or in part by paragraph 2 or that it will not apply paragraph 2 in whole or in part in cases of gross negligence, the United States declares pursuant to paragraph 5 that in its treaty relations with that state the United States does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 to the same extent as provided in the declaration of that other state party. As provided for in paragraph 3 of article 13, the United States declares that it does not consider itself bound by either of the dispute settlement procedures provided for in paragraph 2 of that article.

Vietnam

• Ratification: 29-09-1987 (A)
• Entry into force: 30-10-1987
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  29-09-1987
  The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam shall not consider itself to be bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 11 of the Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident or of paragraph 2 of article 13 of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency, which provide for the possibility of submitting a dispute between States Parties to arbitration or of referring it to the International Court of Justice at the request of any party; the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam declares that the submission of any international dispute to arbitration or its referral to the International Court of Justice requires the agreement of all the parties in each particular case.

WHO (World Health Organization)

• Ratification: 10-08-1988 (A)
• Entry into force: 10-09-1988
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  10-08-1988
  In conformity with paragraph 5(c) of Article 14, the Director-General of WHO declares that the World Health Organization is competent to act as the directing and coordinating authority in international health work in matters covered by the Convention, and to provide related assistance upon the request or acceptance of governments, without prejudice to the national competence of each of its Member States.

WMO (World Meteorological Organization)

• Ratification: 17-04-1990 (A)
• Entry into force: 18-05-1990
• Reservations / Declarations: Yes
• Objections: No

• reservation
  17-04-1990
  I, the undersigned, Prof. G.O.P. Obasi, Secretary - General of the World Meteorological Organization, declare in accordance with paragraph five (c) of Article fourteen of the Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency adopted at Vienna on the twenty-sixth day of September, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-six that the World Meteorological Organization has competence in respect of the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements in matters covered by this Convention to the extent of fulfilling the purposes of the Organization as laid down in Article two of the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization.