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Treaty

Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques

PartiesParties with a link have a reservation.

Party Signature RatificationS=Signature without reservation or requirement of ratification R=Ratification, Acceptance, Approval or Notification A=Accession Su=Succession NK=Not Known Entry into force Renunciation Termination
Afghanistan 22-10-1985 (A) 22-10-1985
Algeria 19-12-1991 (A) 19-12-1991
Antigua and Barbuda 25-10-1988 (Su) 01-11-1981
Argentina 20-03-1987 (A) 20-03-1987
Armenia 15-05-2002 (A) 15-05-2002
Australia 31-05-1978 07-09-1984 (R) 07-09-1984
Austria 17-01-1990 (A) 17-01-1990
Bangladesh 03-10-1979 (A) 03-10-1979
Belarus 18-05-1977 07-06-1978 (R) 07-06-1978
Belgium 18-05-1977 12-07-1982 (R) 12-07-1982
Benin 10-06-1977 30-06-1986 (R) 30-06-1986
Bolivia 18-05-1977
Brazil 09-11-1977 12-10-1984 (R) 12-10-1984
Bulgaria 18-05-1977 31-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Cabo Verde 03-10-1979 (A) 03-10-1979
Cameroon 18-04-2011 (A) 18-04-2011
Canada 18-05-1977 11-06-1981 (R) 11-06-1981
Chile 26-04-1994 (A) 26-04-1994
China 08-06-2005 (A) 08-06-2005
Costa Rica 07-02-1996 (A) 07-02-1996
Cuba 23-09-1977 10-04-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Cyprus 07-10-1977 12-04-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Czech Republic 22-02-1993 (Su) 01-01-1993
Czechoslovakia (<01-01-1993) 18-05-1977 12-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 08-11-1984 (A) 08-11-1984
Democratic Republic of the Congo 28-02-1978
Denmark 18-05-1977 19-04-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Dominica 09-11-1992 (Su) 03-11-1978
Egypt 01-04-1982 (A) 01-04-1982
Estonia 14-04-2011 (A) 14-04-2011
Ethiopia 18-05-1977
Finland 18-05-1977 12-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Germany 18-05-1977 24-05-1983 (R) 24-05-1983
Ghana 21-03-1978 22-06-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Greece 23-08-1983 (A) 23-08-1983
Guatemala 21-03-1988 (A) 21-03-1988
Holy See 27-05-1977
Honduras 16-08-2010 (A) 16-08-2010
Hungary 18-05-1977 19-04-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Iceland 18-05-1977
India 15-12-1977 15-12-1978 (R) 15-12-1978
Iran 18-05-1977
Iraq 15-08-1977
Ireland 18-05-1977 16-12-1982 (R) 16-12-1982
Italy 18-05-1977 27-11-1981 (R) 27-11-1981
Japan 09-06-1982 (A) 09-06-1982
Kazakhstan 25-04-2005 (A) 25-04-2005
Kuwait 02-01-1980 (A) 02-01-1980
Kyrgyzstan 15-06-2015 (A) 15-06-2015
Laos 13-04-1978 05-10-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Lebanon 18-05-1977
Liberia 18-05-1977
Lithuania 16-04-2002 (A) 16-04-2002
Luxembourg 18-05-1977
Malawi 05-10-1978 (A) 05-10-1978
Mauritius 09-12-1992 (A) 09-12-1992
Mongolia 18-05-1977 19-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Morocco 18-05-1977
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the 18-05-1977 15-04-1983 (R) 15-04-1983
New Zealand 07-09-1984 (A) 07-09-1984
Nicaragua 11-08-1977 06-09-2007 (R) 06-09-2007
Niger 17-02-1993 (A) 17-02-1993
Norway 18-05-1977 15-02-1979 (R) 15-02-1979
Pakistan 27-02-1986 (A) 27-02-1986
Palestine 29-12-2017 (A) 29-12-2017
Panama 13-05-2003 (A) 13-05-2003
Papua New Guinea 28-10-1980 (A) 28-10-1980
Poland 18-05-1977 08-06-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Portugal 18-05-1977
Republic of Korea, the 02-12-1986 (A) 02-12-1986
Romania 18-05-1977 06-05-1983 (R) 06-05-1983
Russian Federation 18-05-1977 30-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Saint Lucia 27-05-1993 (Su) 22-02-1979
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27-04-1999 (Su) 27-10-1979
São Tomé e Principe 05-10-1979 (A) 05-10-1979
Sierra Leone 12-04-1978
Slovakia 28-05-1993 (Su) 01-01-1993
Slovenia 20-04-2005 (A) 20-04-2005
Solomon Islands 19-06-1981 (Su) 19-06-1981
Spain 18-05-1977 19-07-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Sri Lanka 08-06-1977 25-04-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Sweden 27-04-1984 (A) 27-04-1984
Switzerland 05-08-1988 (A) 05-08-1988
Syria 04-08-1977
Tajikistan 12-10-1999 (A) 12-10-1999
Tunisia 11-05-1978 11-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
Türkiye 18-05-1977
Uganda 18-05-1977
Ukraine 18-05-1977 13-06-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
United Kingdom 18-05-1977 16-05-1978 (R) 05-10-1978
United States of America 18-05-1977 17-01-1980 (R) 17-01-1980
Uruguay 16-09-1993 (A) 16-09-1993
Uzbekistan 26-05-1993 (A) 26-05-1993
Vietnam 26-08-1980 (A) 26-08-1980
Yemen 18-05-1977 20-07-1977 (R) 05-10-1978

Extensions

China

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Hong Kong SAR 08-06-2005
Macao SAR 08-06-2005

New Zealand

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Cook Islands 07-09-1984
Niue 07-09-1984

United Kingdom

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus) 05-10-1978
Anguilla 05-10-1978
Antigua and Barbuda (< 01-11-1981) 05-10-1978 01-11-1981
Bermuda 05-10-1978
British Virgin Islands 05-10-1978
Brunei (< 01-01-1984) 05-10-1978 01-01-1984
Cayman Islands 05-10-1978
Dominica (< 03-11-1978) 05-10-1978 03-11-1978
Falkland Islands 05-10-1978
Gibraltar 05-10-1978
Montserrat 05-10-1978
Pitcairn Islands 05-10-1978
Saint Kitts and Nevis (< 19-11-1983) 05-10-1978 19-11-1983
Saint Lucia (< 22-02-1979) 05-10-1978 22-02-1979
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (<27-10-1979) 05-10-1978 27-10-1979
Saint-Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 05-10-1978
Solomon Islands (< 07-07-1978) 05-10-1978 07-07-1978
South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands 05-10-1978
Turks and Caicos Islands 05-10-1978

Parties with reservations, declarations and objections

Party Reservations / Declarations Objections
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the Yes No
Palestine Yes No
United States of America Yes No

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

15-04-1983

The Kingdom of the Netherlands accepts the obligations laid down in article 1 of the said Convention as extending to states which are not a party to the Convention and which act in conformity with article 1 of the Convention.

Palestine

18-03-2019

The Permanent Observer of the State of Palestine to the United Nations presents his compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in his capacity as Depositary, and has the honor to refer to depositary notification C.N.170.2018.TREATIES-XXVI.1, dated 4 April 2018, conveying a communication of the United States of America regarding the accession of the State of Palestine to the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, 10 December 1976.
The Government of the State of Palestine regrets the position of the United States of America and wishes to recall the United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012 according to which Palestine was accorded a ‘Non-member Observer State status in the United Nations’. In this regard, Palestine is a State recognized by the United Nations General Assembly on behalf of the international community.
As a State Party to the United Nations Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, 10 December 1976, which entered into force on 29 December 2017 for the State of Palestine, the State of Palestine will exercise its rights and honor its obligations with respect to all States Parties. The State of Palestine trusts that its rights and obligations will be equally respected by its fellow States Parties.

United States of America

29-03-2018

The United States Mission to the United Nations presents its compliments to the Executive Office of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and refers to the U.N. Secretary-General’s depositary notification C.N.805.2017.TREATIES-XXVI.1, dated January 2, 2018, regarding the purported accession of the ‘State of Palestine’ to the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, done at New York December 10, 1976 (the Convention), for which the Secretary-General of the United Nations is the depositary.
The Government of the United States of America does not believe the ‘State of Palestine’ qualifies as a sovereign State and does not recognize it as such. Accession to the Convention is limited to sovereign States. Therefore, the Government of the United States of America believes that the ‘State of Palestine’ is not qualified to accede to the Convention and affirms that it will not consider itself to be in a treaty relationship with the ‘State of Palestine’ under the Convention.

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