Treaty

Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects

PartiesParties with a link have a reservation.

Party Signature RatificationS=Signature without reservation or requirement of ratification R=Ratification, Acceptance, Approval or Notification A=Accession Su=Succession NK=Not Known Entry into force Renunciation Termination
Algeria 20-04-1972 17-10-2006 (R) 17-10-2006
Antigua and Barbuda 26-12-1988 (Su) 01-11-1981
Argentina 29-03-1972 14-11-1986 (R) 14-11-1986
Armenia 28-03-2018 (A) 28-03-2018
Australia 20-01-1975 (A) 20-01-1975
Austria 30-05-1972 10-01-1980 (R) 10-01-1980
Belarus 29-03-1972 27-12-1973 (R) 27-12-1973
Belgium 29-03-1972 13-08-1976 (R) 13-08-1976
Benin 29-03-1972 25-04-1975 (R) 25-04-1975
Bosnia and Herzegovina 15-08-1994 (Su) 06-03-1992
Botswana 29-03-1972 11-03-1974 (R) 11-03-1974
Brazil 13-07-1972 09-03-1973 (R) 09-03-1973
Bulgaria 29-03-1972 16-05-1972 (R) 01-09-1972
Burundi 29-03-1972
Cambodia 29-03-1972
Canada 20-02-1975 (A) 20-02-1975
Central African Republic 27-04-1972
Chile 01-12-1976 (A) 01-12-1976
China 20-12-1988 (A) 20-12-1988
Colombia 29-03-1972
Costa Rica 29-03-1972
Croatia 18-05-1994 (Su) 08-10-1991
Cuba 25-11-1982 (A) 25-11-1982
Cyprus 28-04-1972 15-05-1973 (R) 15-05-1973
Czech Republic 24-09-1993 (Su) 01-01-1993
Czechoslovakia (<01-01-1993) 29-03-1972 08-09-1976 (R) 08-09-1976
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 24-02-2016 (A) 24-02-2016
Democratic Republic of the Congo 29-03-1972
Denmark 19-04-1972 01-04-1977 (R) 01-04-1977
Dominican Republic 26-04-1972 23-02-1973 (R) 23-02-1973
Ecuador 25-04-1972 17-08-1972 (R) 01-09-1972
Egypt 19-05-1972
El Salvador 29-03-1972 11-07-2016 (R) 11-07-2016
ESA (European Space Agency) 23-09-1976 (R) 23-09-1976
EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the exploitation of meteorological satellites) 29-09-2005 (R) 29-09-2005
EUTELSAT IGO (European Telecommunications Satellite Organization) 30-11-1987 (R) 30-11-1987
Fiji 04-04-1973 (A) 04-04-1973
Finland 29-03-1972 01-02-1977 (R) 01-02-1977
France 31-12-1975 (A) 31-12-1975
Gabon 05-02-1982 (A) 05-02-1982
Gambia, The 02-06-1972
Germany 18-12-1975 (A) 18-12-1975
Ghana 29-03-1972
Greece 12-04-1972 27-04-1977 (R) 27-04-1977
Guatemala 29-03-1972
Haïti 29-03-1972
Honduras 29-03-1972
Hungary 29-03-1972 27-12-1972 (R) 27-12-1972
Iceland 29-03-1972
India 09-07-1979 (A) 09-07-1979
Indonesia 18-06-1996 (A) 18-06-1996
Iran 29-03-1972 13-02-1974 (R) 13-02-1974
Iraq 04-10-1972 (A) 04-10-1972
Ireland 29-03-1972 29-06-1972 (R) 01-09-1972
Israel 23-06-1977 (A) 23-06-1977
Italy 29-03-1972 22-02-1983 (R) 22-02-1983
Japan 20-06-1983 (A) 20-06-1983
Jordan 25-05-1972
Kazakhstan 11-06-1998 (A) 11-06-1998
Kenya 25-09-1975 (A) 25-09-1975
Kuwait 07-06-1972 30-10-1972 (R) 30-10-1972
Laos 29-03-1972 20-03-1973 (R) 20-03-1973
Lebanon 29-03-1972 23-05-2006 (R) 23-05-2006
Libya 20-04-2010 (A) 20-04-2010
Liechtenstein 09-01-1980 (A) 09-01-1980
Luxembourg 25-04-1972 18-10-1983 (R) 18-10-1983
Mali 04-04-1972 09-06-1972 (R) 01-09-1972
Malta 13-01-1978 (A) 13-01-1978
Mexico 29-03-1972 08-04-1974 (R) 08-04-1974
Mongolia 29-03-1972 05-09-1972 (R) 05-09-1972
Montenegro 12-12-2006 (Su) 03-06-2006
Morocco 29-03-1972 15-03-1983 (R) 15-03-1983
Nepal 29-03-1972
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the 17-02-1981 (A) 17-02-1981
New Zealand 19-06-1972 30-10-1974 (R) 30-10-1974
Nicaragua 29-03-1972 30-06-2017 (R) 30-06-2017
Niger 24-05-1972 01-09-1972 (R) 01-09-1972
Nigeria 21-12-2005 (A) 21-12-2005
Norway 29-03-1972 03-04-1995 (R) 03-04-1995
Oman 23-06-1972 04-02-2022 (R) 04-02-2022
Pakistan 06-07-1972 04-04-1973 (R) 04-04-1973
Panama 29-03-1972 05-06-1974 (R) 05-06-1974
Papua New Guinea 27-10-1980 (Su) 16-09-1975
Paraguay 11-07-2023 (A) 11-07-2023
Peru 10-04-1972 06-11-2002 (R) 06-11-2002
Philippines 22-08-1972
Poland 29-03-1972 25-01-1973 (R) 25-01-1973
Qatar 11-01-1974 (A) 11-01-1974
Republic of Korea, the 29-03-1972 14-01-1980 (R) 14-01-1980
Romania 29-03-1972 18-03-1980 (R) 18-03-1980
Russian Federation 29-03-1972 09-10-1973 (R) 09-10-1973
Rwanda 29-03-1972
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13-05-1999 (A) 13-05-1999
Saudi Arabia 17-12-1976 (A) 17-12-1976
Senegal 14-04-1972 26-03-1975 (R) 26-03-1975
Serbia 27-04-1992 (Su) 27-04-1992
Seychelles 05-01-1978 (A) 05-01-1978
Sierra Leone 14-07-1972
Singapore 19-07-1972 19-08-1975 (R) 19-08-1975
Slovakia 07-04-2006 (Su) 01-01-1993
Slovenia 27-05-1992 (Su) 25-06-1991
South Africa 29-03-1972 14-12-2011 (R) 14-12-2011
Spain 29-03-1972 02-01-1980 (R) 02-01-1980
Sri Lanka 09-04-1973 (A) 09-04-1973
Sweden 15-06-1976 (A) 15-06-1976
Switzerland 29-03-1972 22-01-1974 (R) 22-01-1974
Syria 06-02-1980 (A) 06-02-1980
Tanzania 31-05-1972
Togo 10-04-1972 26-04-1976 (R) 26-04-1976
Trinidad and Tobago 02-08-1980 (A) 02-08-1980
Tunisia 29-03-1972 18-05-1973 (R) 18-05-1973
Türkiye 15-02-2007 (A) 15-02-2007
Ukraine 29-03-1972 16-10-1973 (R) 16-10-1973
United Arab Emirates 04-10-2000 (A) 04-10-2000
United Kingdom 29-03-1972 09-10-1973 (R) 09-10-1973
United States of America 29-03-1972 09-10-1973 (R) 09-10-1973
Uruguay 07-01-1977 (A) 07-01-1977
Venezuela 29-03-1972 01-08-1978 (R) 01-08-1978
Yugoslavia (< 25-06-1991) 20-10-1975 (A) 20-10-1975
Zambia 20-08-1973 (A) 20-08-1973

Extensions

China

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Hong Kong SAR 01-07-1997

United Kingdom

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Anguilla 09-10-1973
Antigua and Barbuda (< 01-11-1981) 09-10-1973 01-11-1981
Bermuda 09-10-1973
British Virgin Islands 09-10-1973
Brunei (< 01-01-1984) 09-10-1973 01-01-1984
Cayman Islands 09-10-1973
Dominica (< 03-11-1978) 09-10-1973 03-11-1978
Falkland Islands 09-10-1973
Gibraltar 09-10-1973
Grenada (< 07-02-1974) 09-10-1973 07-02-1974
Hong Kong (< 01-07-1997) 09-10-1973 01-07-1997
Montserrat 09-10-1973
Pitcairn Islands 09-10-1973
Saint Kitts and Nevis (< 19-11-1983) 09-10-1973 19-11-1983
Saint Lucia (< 22-02-1979) 09-10-1973 22-02-1979
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (<27-10-1979) 09-10-1973 27-10-1979
Saint-Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 09-10-1973
Solomon Islands (< 07-07-1978) 09-10-1973 07-07-1973
South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands 09-10-1973
Turks and Caicos Islands 09-10-1973

Parties with reservations, declarations and objections

Party Reservations / Declarations Objections
Austria Yes No
Canada Yes No
China Yes No
Denmark Yes No
Finland Yes No
Greece Yes No
Iraq Yes No
Ireland Yes No
Kuwait Yes No
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the Yes No
New Zealand Yes No
Norway Yes No
Republic of Korea, the Yes No
Sweden Yes No
Türkiye Yes No
United Kingdom Yes No

Austria

10-01-1980

Having regard to the terms of operative paragraph 3 of Resolution 2777 (XXVI) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on November 29 1971, Austria will recognize as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Austria may become a party under the terms of the Convention on the Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, opened for signature at London, Moscow and Washington on 29 March 1972.

Canada

20-02-1975

Having regard to the terms of operative paragraph 3 of Resolution 2777 (XXVI) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1971, the Government of Canada hereby declares that it will recognize as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Canada may become a party under the terms of the Convention on Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects, opened for signature in London, Washington and Moscow on 29 March 1972.

China

20-12-1988

The Instrument of Acceptance by the People's Republic of China contained the statement that the signature and ratification of the Convention by the Taiwan authorities are illegal, and null and void.

Denmark

01-04-1977

Having regard to the terms of operative paragraph 3 of Resolution 2777 (XXVI) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1971, Denmark will recognise as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Denmark may become a party under the terms of the Convention on Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, opened for signature in London, Washington and Moscow on 29 March 1972.

Finland

05-10-2001

Whereas Article 19 paragraph 2 of the Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects and the United Nations Resolution 2777 (XXVI), operative paragraph 3, enable giving a declaration on the binding force of the decision of the Claims Commission;
Now therefore the Government of the Republic of Finland declares that Finland will recognise as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Finland may become a party under the terms of the Convention.

Greece

12-04-1972

Greece accepts the decisions of the Committee of Reparations - provided by the Convention - as mandatory only on a reciprocal basis.

Iraq

04-10-1972

Accession however, by the Republic of Iraq to the Convention mentioned shall in no way signify recognition of Israel or be conducive to entry into any relations with it.

Ireland

29-06-1972

Having regard to the terms of operative paragraph 3 of Resolution 2777 (XXVI) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1971, the Government of Ireland hereby declares that Ireland will recognise as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Ireland may become a party under the Convention on Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects, which was opened for signature in London, Washington and Moscow on 29 March 1972.

Kuwait

30-10-1972

In ratifying the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects, 1972, the Government of the State of Kuwait takes the view that its ratification of the said Convention does not in any way imply its recognition of Israel, nor does it oblige it to apply the provisions of the aforementioned Convention in respect of the said country.

Netherlands, the Kingdom of the

17-02-1981

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands will recognize (for the Kingdom in Europe and the Netherlands Antilles) as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claim Commission concerning any dispute to which the Kingdom of the Netherlands may become a party under the terms of the Convention.

New Zealand

30-10-1974

The Government of New Zealand declares that it will accept as binding decisions of any Claims Commission established in accordance with Article XIV of the Convention.

Norway

04-05-1995

In connection with the ratification of the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects, having regard to the terms of operative paragraph 3 of Resolution 2777 (XXVI) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1971, I hereby declare, on behalf of the Government of Norway, that Norway will recognize as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Norway may become a party under the terms of the Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects, opened for signature at London, Moscow and Washington on 29 March 1972.

Republic of Korea, the

29-03-1972

The signing by the Government of the Republic of Korea of the present Convention does not in any way mean or imply the recognition of any territory or regime which has not been recognized by the Government of the Republic of Korea.

Sweden

15-06-1976

Having regard to the terms of operative paragraph 3 of Resolution 2777 (XXVI) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1971, the Government of Sweden hereby declares that Sweden will recognise as binding, in relation to any other State accepting the same obligation, the decision of a Claims Commission concerning any dispute to which Sweden may become a party under the terms of the Convention on Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects, opened for signature in London, Washington and Moscow on 29 March 1972.

Türkiye

15-02-2007

The Republic of Turkey declares that it will implement the provisions of this Convention only to the State Parties with which it has diplomatic relations.

United Kingdom

17-04-1972

The Government of the United Kingdom wish to recall their view that if a regime is not recognized as the Government of a State, neither signature nor the deposit of any instrument by it, nor notification of any of those acts, will bring about recognition of that regime by any other State.

Go to top