Treaty

Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage

PartiesParties with a link have a reservation.

Party Signature RatificationS=Signature without reservation or requirement of ratification R=Ratification, Acceptance, Approval or Notification A=Accession Su=Succession NK=Not Known Entry into force Renunciation Termination
Afghanistan 20-03-1979 (R) 20-06-1979
Albania 10-07-1989 (R) 10-10-1989
Algeria 24-06-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Andorra 03-01-1997 (R) 03-04-1997
Angola 07-11-1991 (R) 07-02-1992
Antigua and Barbuda 01-11-1983 (R) 01-02-1984
Argentina 23-08-1978 (R) 23-11-1978
Armenia 05-09-1993 (Su) 21-09-1991
Australia 22-08-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Austria 18-12-1992 (R) 18-03-1993
Azerbaijan 16-12-1993 (R) 16-03-1994
Bahamas 15-05-2014 (R) 15-08-2014
Bahrain 28-05-1991 (R) 28-08-1991
Bangladesh 03-08-1983 (R) 03-11-1983
Barbados 09-04-2002 (R) 09-07-2002
Belarus 12-10-1988 (R) 12-01-1989
Belgium 24-07-1996 (R) 24-10-1996
Belize 06-11-1990 (R) 06-02-1991
Benin 14-06-1982 (R) 14-09-1982
Bhutan 17-10-2001 (R) 17-01-2002
Bolivia 04-10-1976 (R) 04-01-1977
Bosnia and Herzegovina 12-07-1993 (Su) 06-03-1992
Botswana 23-11-1998 (R) 23-02-1999
Brazil 01-09-1977 (R) 01-12-1977
Brunei 12-08-2011 (R) 12-11-2011
Bulgaria 07-03-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Burkina Faso 02-04-1987 (R) 02-07-1987
Burundi 19-05-1982 (R) 19-08-1982
Cabo Verde 28-04-1988 (R) 28-07-1988
Cambodia 28-11-1991 (R) 28-02-1992
Cameroon 07-12-1982 (R) 07-03-1983
Canada 23-07-1976 (R) 23-10-1976
Central African Republic 22-12-1980 (R) 22-03-1981
Chad 23-06-1999 (R) 23-09-1999
Chile 20-02-1980 (R) 20-05-1980
China 12-12-1985 (R) 12-03-1986
Colombia 24-05-1983 (R) 24-08-1983
Comoros 27-09-2000 (R) 27-12-2000
Cook Islands 16-01-2009 (R) 16-04-2009
Costa Rica 23-08-1977 (R) 23-11-1977
Côte d'Ivoire 09-01-1981 (R) 09-04-1981
Croatia 06-07-1992 (Su) 08-10-1991
Cuba 24-03-1981 (R) 24-06-1981
Cyprus 14-08-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Czech Republic 26-03-1993 (Su) 01-01-1993
Czechoslovakia (<01-01-1993) 15-11-1990 (R) 15-02-1991
Democratic People's Republic of Korea 21-07-1998 (R) 21-10-1998
Democratic Republic of the Congo 23-09-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Denmark 25-07-1979 (R) 25-10-1979
Djibouti 30-08-2007 (R) 30-11-2007
Dominica 04-04-1995 (R) 04-07-1995
Dominican Republic 12-02-1985 (R) 12-05-1985
Ecuador 16-06-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Egypt 07-02-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
El Salvador 08-10-1991 (R) 08-01-1992
Equatorial Guinea 10-03-2010 (R) 10-06-2010
Eritrea 24-10-2001 (R) 24-01-2002
Estonia 27-10-1995 (R) 27-01-1996
Eswatini 30-11-2005 (R) 28-02-2006
Ethiopia 06-07-1977 (R) 06-10-1977
Federated States of Micronesia 22-07-2002 (R) 22-10-2002
Fiji 21-11-1990 (R) 21-02-1991
Finland 04-03-1987 (R) 04-06-1987
France 27-06-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Gabon 30-12-1986 (R) 30-03-1987
Gambia, The 01-07-1987 (R) 01-10-1987
Georgia 04-11-1992 (Su) 09-04-1991
Germany 23-08-1976 (R) 23-11-1976
Ghana 04-07-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Greece 17-07-1981 (R) 17-10-1981
Grenada 13-08-1998 (R) 13-11-1998
Guatemala 16-01-1979 (R) 16-04-1979
Guinea 18-03-1979 (R) 18-06-1979
Guinea-Bissau 28-01-2006 (R) 28-04-2006
Guyana 20-06-1977 (R) 20-09-1977
Haïti 18-01-1980 (R) 18-04-1980
Holy See 07-10-1982 (A) 07-01-1983
Honduras 08-06-1979 (R) 08-09-1979
Hungary 15-07-1985 (R) 15-10-1985
Iceland 19-12-1995 (R) 19-03-1996
India 14-11-1977 (R) 14-02-1978
Indonesia 06-07-1989 (R) 06-10-1989
Iran 26-02-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Iraq 05-03-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Ireland 16-09-1991 (R) 16-12-1991
Israel 06-10-1999 (R) 06-01-2000
Italy 23-06-1978 (R) 23-09-1978
Jamaica 14-06-1983 (A) 14-09-1983
Japan 30-06-1992 (R) 30-09-1992
Jordan 05-05-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Kazakhstan 29-04-1994 (R) 29-07-1994
Kenya 05-06-1991 (R) 05-09-1991
Kiribati 12-05-2000 (R) 12-08-2000
Kuwait 06-06-2002 (R) 06-09-2002
Kyrgyzstan 03-07-1995 (R) 03-10-1995
Laos 20-03-1987 (R) 20-06-1987
Latvia 10-01-1995 (R) 10-04-1995
Lebanon 03-02-1983 (R) 03-05-1983
Lesotho 25-11-2003 (R) 25-02-2004
Liberia 23-03-2002 (R) 23-06-2002
Libya 13-10-1978 (R) 13-01-1979
Lithuania 31-03-1992 (R) 30-06-1992
Luxembourg 28-09-1983 (R) 28-12-1983
Madagascar 19-07-1983 (R) 19-10-1983
Malawi 05-01-1982 (R) 05-04-1982
Malaysia 07-12-1988 (R) 07-03-1989
Maldives 16-11-1972 22-05-1986 (R) 22-08-1986
Mali 05-04-1977 (R) 05-07-1977
Malta 14-11-1978 (R) 14-02-1979
Marshall Islands 24-04-2002 (R) 24-07-2002
Mauritania 02-03-1981 (R) 02-06-1981
Mauritius 19-09-1995 (R) 19-12-1995
Mexico 23-02-1984 (R) 23-05-1984
Moldova 23-09-2002 (R) 23-12-2002
Monaco 07-11-1978 (R) 07-02-1979
Mongolia 02-02-1990 (R) 02-05-1990
Montenegro 26-04-2007 (Su) 03-06-2006
Morocco 28-10-1975 (R) 28-01-1976
Mozambique 27-11-1982 (R) 27-02-1983
Myanmar 29-04-1994 (R) 29-07-1994
Namibia 06-04-2000 (R) 06-07-2000
Nauru 22-07-2024 (R) 22-10-2024
Nepal 20-06-1978 (R) 20-09-1978
Netherlands, the Kingdom of the 26-08-1992 (R) 26-11-1992
New Zealand 22-11-1984 (R) 22-02-1985
Nicaragua 17-12-1979 (R) 17-03-1980
Niger 23-12-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Nigeria 23-10-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Niue 23-01-2001 (R) 23-04-2001
North Macedonia 30-04-1997 (Su) 17-11-1991
Norway 12-05-1977 (R) 12-08-1977
Oman 06-10-1981 (R) 06-01-1982
Pakistan 23-07-1976 (R) 23-10-1976
Palau 11-06-2002 (R) 11-09-2002
Palestine 08-12-2011 (R) 08-03-2012
Panama 03-03-1978 (R) 03-06-1978
Papua New Guinea 28-07-1997 (R) 28-10-1997
Paraguay 27-04-1988 (R) 27-07-1988
Peru 24-02-1982 (R) 24-05-1982
Philippines 19-09-1985 (R) 19-12-1985
Poland 29-06-1976 (R) 29-09-1976
Portugal 30-09-1980 (R) 30-12-1980
Qatar 12-09-1984 (R) 12-12-1984
Republic of Korea, the 14-09-1988 (R) 14-12-1988
Republic of the Congo 10-12-1987 (R) 10-03-1988
Romania 16-05-1990 (R) 16-08-1990
Russian Federation 12-10-1988 (R) 12-01-1989
Rwanda 28-12-2000 (R) 28-03-2001
Saint Kitts and Nevis 10-07-1986 (R) 10-10-1986
Saint Lucia 14-10-1991 (R) 14-01-1992
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 03-02-2003 (R) 03-05-2003
Samoa 28-08-2001 (R) 28-11-2001
San Marino 18-10-1991 (R) 18-01-1992
São Tomé e Principe 25-07-2006 (R) 25-10-2006
Saudi Arabia 07-08-1978 (R) 07-11-1978
Senegal 13-02-1976 (R) 13-05-1976
Serbia 11-09-2001 (Su) 27-04-1992
Seychelles 09-04-1980 (R) 09-07-1980
Sierra Leone 07-01-2005 (R) 07-04-2005
Singapore 19-06-2012 (R) 19-09-2012
Slovakia 31-03-1993 (Su) 01-01-1993
Slovenia 05-11-1992 (Su) 25-06-1991
Solomon Islands 10-06-1992 (A) 10-09-1992
Somalia 23-07-2020 (R) 23-10-2020
South Africa 10-07-1997 (R) 10-10-1997
South Sudan 09-03-2016 (R) 09-06-2016
Spain 04-05-1982 (R) 04-08-1982
Sri Lanka 06-06-1980 (R) 06-09-1980
Sudan 06-06-1974 (R) 17-12-1975
Suriname 23-10-1997 (R) 23-01-1998
Sweden 22-01-1985 (R) 22-04-1985
Switzerland 17-09-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Syria 13-08-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Tajikistan 28-08-1992 (Su) 09-09-1991
Tanzania 02-08-1977 (R) 02-11-1977
Thailand 17-09-1987 (R) 17-12-1987
Timor-Leste 31-10-2016 (R) 31-01-2017
Togo 15-04-1998 (R) 15-07-1998
Tonga 03-06-2004 (R) 03-09-2004
Trinidad and Tobago 16-02-2005 (R) 16-05-2005
Tunisia 10-03-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Türkiye 16-03-1983 (R) 16-06-1983
Turkmenistan 30-09-1994 (Su) 27-10-1991
Tuvalu 18-05-2023 (R) 18-08-2023
Uganda 20-11-1987 (R) 20-02-1988
Ukraine 12-10-1988 (R) 12-01-1989
United Arab Emirates 11-05-2001 (R) 11-08-2001
United Kingdom 29-05-1984 (R) 29-08-1984
United States of America 07-12-1973 (R) 17-12-1975
Uruguay 09-03-1989 (R) 09-06-1989
Uzbekistan 13-01-1993 (Su) 01-09-1991
Vanuatu 13-06-2002 (R) 13-09-2002
Venezuela 30-10-1990 (R) 30-01-1991
Vietnam 19-10-1987 (R) 19-01-1988
Yemen 07-10-1980 (R) 07-01-1981
Yugoslavia (< 25-06-1991) 26-05-1975 (R) 17-12-1975
Zambia 04-06-1984 (R) 04-09-1984
Zimbabwe 16-08-1982 (R) 16-11-1982

Extensions

China

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Macao SAR 20-12-1999

New Zealand

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Cook Islands 22-11-1984
Niue 22-11-1984

Portugal

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Macao (<20-12-1999) 30-09-1999 20-12-1999

United Kingdom

Extended to Entry into force Termination
Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus) 29-05-1984
Anguilla 29-05-1984
Bermuda 29-05-1984
British Virgin Islands 29-05-1984
Cayman Islands 29-05-1984
Ducie and Oeno Islands 29-05-1984
Falkland Islands 29-05-1984
Gibraltar 29-05-1984
Henderson Island 29-05-1984
Hong Kong (< 01-07-1997) 29-05-1984 01-07-1997
Jersey 08-02-1996
Man, Isle of 29-05-1984
Montserrat 29-05-1984
Pitcairn Islands 29-05-1984
Saint-Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 29-05-1984
Turks and Caicos Islands 29-05-1984

Parties with reservations, declarations and objections

Party Reservations / Declarations Objections
Argentina Yes No
Brazil Yes No
Bulgaria Yes No
Cabo Verde Yes No
Denmark Yes No
France Yes No
Germany Yes No
Holy See Yes No
Iraq Yes No
Israel Yes No
Moldova Yes No
Norway Yes No
Oman Yes Yes
South Africa Yes No
South Sudan Yes No
Syria Yes No
United States of America Yes No

Argentina

26-11-1984

[...] the Argentine Republic rejects the extension of the application of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted in Paris on 16 November 1972 by the General Conference of UNESCO, to the Malvinas Islands, South Georgia and South Sandwich, of which the Director General of UNESCO was notified by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 29 May 1984, and reaffirms its rights of sovereignty over the Malvinas Islands, South Georgia and South Sandwich, which form an integral part of its national territory. The United Nations General Assembly has adopted resolutions 2065 (XX), 3160 (XXVIII), 31/49, 37/9 and 38/12, in which it recognizes the existence of a sovereignty dispute relating to the question of the Malvinas Islands and urges the Argentine Republic and the United Kingdom to conduct negotiations in order to find as soon as possible a peaceful and lasting solution to the dispute through the good offices of the Secretary-General of the United Nations who should inform the General Assembly of the progress achieved. As a result of this declaration, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland indicated that they have no doubt as to their right, by notification to the Depositary under the relevant provisions of the treaty in question, to extend its application to the Falkland Islands and to the Falklands Islands Dependencies. The Government of the United Kingdom are therefore unable to regard the Argentine communication referred to above as having any legal effect.

Brazil

01-09-1977

[…] the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil declared, in accordance with Article 16 (2) of the Convention, that the Federative Republic of Brazil shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 16 (1) of the Convention.

Bulgaria

07-03-1974

The People's Republic of Bulgaria shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 16, paragraph 1.

Cabo Verde

28-04-1988

[…] that Cape Verde will not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the Convention.

Denmark

25-07-1979

[…] the Government of Denmark declared, in conformity with Article 16, paragraph 2, of the Convention, that Denmark shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the Convention.

France

27-06-1975

The Government of the French Republic declares that it shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 16, paragraph 1.

Germany

23-08-1976

[…] the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany declared, in accordance with Article 16 (2) of the Convention, that the Federal Republic of Germany shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 16 (1) of the Convention.
At the same time, the Government further declared that the Convention shall also apply to Berlin (West) with effect from the date on which it shall enter into force for the Federal Republic of Germany.

Holy See

07-10-1982

[…] the Holy See declared, in accordance with Article 16, paragraph 2, of the Convention, that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 16, paragraph 1.

Iraq

05-03-1974

Entry […] by the Republic of Iraq shall, however, in no way signify recognition of Israel or be conducive to entry into relations with it.

Israel

22-03-1982

The instrument deposited by the Government of Oman contains a declaration of a political character in respect to Israel. In the view of the Government of the State of Israel, this Convention is not the proper place for making such political pronouncements, which are, moreover, in flagrant contradiction to the principles and purposes of the Convention.
This Declaration by the Government of Oman cannot, in any way, affect whatever obligations are binding upon Oman under general international law or under particular conventions. The Government of the State of Israel will, in so far as concerns the substance of the matter, adopt towards the Government of Oman an attitude of complete reciprocity.


31-01-2012

The Embassy of the State of Israel presents its compliments to the Secretariat of UNESCO and has the honour to refer to the notification regarding the accession of "Palestine" to the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage of 1972.
The Government of the State of Israel objects to that accession as it contradicts Article II of the Constitution of UNESCO as well as the established norms and practices of International Law.

Moldova

23-09-2002

The Republic of Moldova does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article 16 paragraph 1 of the Convention concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage.

Norway

12-05-1977

[…] the Government of Norway declared, in accordance with Article 16 (2) of the Convention, that Norway shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 16 (1) of the Convention.

Oman

06-10-1981

[…] the Government of Oman declared:
(a) that the Government of the Sultanate of Oman shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 16 of the Convention; and
(b) that the acceptance of the Convention does not imply the recognition of the State of Israel and that no treaty relations will arise between the Sultanate of Oman and Israel.

Objection Israel, 22-03-1982

The instrument deposited by the Government of Oman contains a declaration of a political character in respect to Israel. In the view of the Government of the State of Israel, this Convention is not the proper place for making such political pronouncements, which are, moreover, in flagrant contradiction to the principles and purposes of the Convention.
This Declaration by the Government of Oman cannot, in any way, affect whatever obligations are binding upon Oman under general international law or under particular conventions. The Government of the State of Israel will, in so far as concerns the substance of the matter, adopt towards the Government of Oman an attitude of complete reciprocity.

South Africa

10-07-1997

Now therefore, the Government of South Africa hereby ratifies the Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage subject to the express declaration in terms of Article 16 (2), that South Africa does not consider itself bound by the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 16.

South Sudan

09-03-2016

The Republic of South Sudan shall not be bound by the provisions of paragraph (1) of Article 16 with regard to contribution other than the supplementary voluntary contribution.

Syria

13-08-1975

The accession of the Syrian Arab Republic to the Convention adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO at its seventeenth session on 16 November 1972 and its ratification by the Syrian Arab Government do not mean in any way its recognition of Israel and cannot result in the establishment of a direct contact with it that might be stipulated by the said Convention.
The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic views that the obligation emanated in Article 4 covers the occupied Arab territories and consequently, the Israeli occupation authorities are under obligation to preserve the cultural and natural heritage existing in the occupied territories in view of the fact that occupation does not eliminate sovereignty and that the occupation authorities are considered internationally responsible for any attenuation of the cultural and natural heritage even if Israel has not acceded to the Convention.
The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic views that paragraph 3 of Article 6 binds in its obligations therein contained the authorities occupying territories by force.The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic views that the international cooperation system stipulated in Article 7 binds the Member States to exert all possible aid to the State whose part of its territories is occupied for the sake of preserving the natural and cultural heritage in the occupied territories against the aggressions of the occupying authorities.

United States of America

12-02-1974

[...] the ratification was effected subject to a declaration under article 16 (2) that the United States shall not be bound by the provisions of Article 16 (1) [...].

Go to top