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Receive notificationsTreaty on Open Skies
PartiesParties with a link have a reservation.
| Party | Signature | RatificationS=Signature without reservation or requirement of ratification R=Ratification, Acceptance, Approval or Notification A=Accession Su=Succession NK=Not Known | Entry into force | Renunciation | Termination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belarus | 24-03-1992 | 02-11-2001 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Belgium | 24-03-1992 | 28-06-1995 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 21-08-2003 (A) | 20-10-2003 | |||
| Bulgaria | 24-03-1992 | 15-04-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Canada | 24-03-1992 | 21-07-1992 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Croatia | 02-11-2004 (A) | 01-01-2005 | |||
| Czech Republic | 21-12-1992 (Su) | 01-01-2002 | |||
| Czechoslovakia (<01-01-1993) | 24-03-1992 | 21-12-1992 (R) | |||
| Denmark | 24-03-1992 | 21-01-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Estonia | 24-03-2005 (A) | 23-05-2005 | |||
| Finland | 12-12-2002 (A) | 10-02-2003 | |||
| France | 24-03-1992 | 30-07-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Georgia | 24-03-1992 | 31-08-1998 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Germany | 24-03-1992 | 27-01-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Greece | 24-03-1992 | 09-09-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Hungary | 24-03-1992 | 11-08-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Iceland | 24-03-1992 | 25-08-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Italy | 24-03-1992 | 28-10-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Kyrgyzstan | 15-12-1992 | ||||
| Latvia | 13-12-2002 (A) | 11-02-2003 | |||
| Lithuania | 09-05-2005 (A) | 08-07-2005 | |||
| Luxembourg | 24-03-1992 | 28-06-1995 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Netherlands, the Kingdom of the | 24-03-1992 | 28-06-1995 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Norway | 24-03-1992 | 14-07-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Poland | 24-03-1992 | 17-05-1995 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Portugal | 24-03-1992 | 22-11-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Romania | 24-03-1992 | 05-06-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Russian Federation | 24-03-1992 | 02-11-2001 (R) | 01-01-2002 | 18-06-2021 | 18-12-2021 |
| Slovakia | 21-12-1992 (Su) | 01-01-2002 | |||
| Slovenia | 25-09-2004 (A) | 24-11-2004 | |||
| Spain | 24-03-1992 | 18-11-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Sweden | 28-06-2002 (A) | 27-08-2002 | |||
| Türkiye | 24-03-1992 | 30-11-1994 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| Ukraine | 24-03-1992 | 20-04-2000 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| United Kingdom | 24-03-1992 | 08-12-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | ||
| United States of America | 24-03-1992 | 03-12-1993 (R) | 01-01-2002 | 22-05-2020 | 22-11-2020 |
Extensions
United Kingdom
| Extended to | Entry into force | Termination |
|---|---|---|
| Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus) | 01-01-2002 | |
| Anguilla | 01-01-2002 | |
| Bermuda | 01-01-2002 | |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | 01-01-2002 | |
| British Virgin Islands | 01-01-2002 | |
| Cayman Islands | 01-01-2002 | |
| Ducie and Oeno Islands | 01-01-2002 | |
| Falkland Islands | 01-01-2002 | |
| Gibraltar | 01-01-2002 | |
| Guernsey | 01-01-2002 | |
| Henderson Island | 01-01-2002 | |
| Jersey | 01-01-2002 | |
| Man, Isle of | 01-01-2002 | |
| Montserrat | 01-01-2002 | |
| Pitcairn Islands | 01-01-2002 | |
| Saint-Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | 01-01-2002 | |
| South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands | 01-01-2002 | |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | 01-01-2002 |
Parties with reservations, declarations and objections
| Party | Reservations / Declarations | Objections |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | Yes | No |
| Spain | Yes | No |
| Sweden | Yes | No |
| United States of America | Yes | No |
Canada
21-07-1992
The Government of Canada declares, with respect to Article XIII, Section II of the Treaty on Open Skies, that it will initially implement the required privileges and immunities to the extent permitted by Canadian law, and that it is reviewing the question of whether any legislative changes will be necessary for Canada to implement fully the required privileges and immunities.
Spain
24-03-1992
As far as the definition of the term "territory" contained in Article II of the Treaty on Open Skies is concerned, the Kingdom of Spain reiterates its legal stand regarding the controversy with the United Kingdom over the sovereignty of the isthmus of Gibraltar.
Sweden
28-06-2002
The Government of the Kingdom of Sweden declares that it undertakes faithfully to perform and carry out all stipulations therein contained with the reservation that the stipulations concerning taxatation in Article 34 in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 18 April 1961, to which the Treaty refers, shall not apply to Swedish nationals or to persons who are resident in Sweden.
United States of America
04-02-1994
In connection with Article XII of the Treaty on Open Skies, the Government of the
United States of America makes the following statement: Article XII of the Open Skies
Treaty does not modify existing international law on liability for injury or damage
that may occur as a result of flights conducted under the Treaty. It does not impose
liability on the observing Party to pay compensation for injury or damage to an observed
Party, or to its natural or juridical persons or to their property, caused by the
operation of the observation aircraft during an observation flight in the course of
implementation of the Open Skies Treaty, if such observation flight was conducted
using an observation aircraft designated and provided by the observed party under
Article VI of the Treaty.
Further, the United States will seek compensation from the observed Party in any case
in which injury or damage to the United States, including but not limited to any of
its flight representatives, sensor operators and inspectors, is caused by the operation
of the observation aircraft during an observation flight in the course of implementation
of the Open Skies Treaty and if such observation flight was conducted using an observation
aircraft designated and provided by the observed Party pursuant to Article VI of the
Treaty.