Print
Download XMLProtocol tegen de smokkel van migranten over land, over zee en door de lucht, tot aanvulling van het Verdrag van de Verenigde Naties tegen grensoverschrijdende georganiseerde misdaad
Partijen met voorbehouden, verklaringen en bezwaren
| Partij | Voorbehoud / verklaring | Bezwaren |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | Ja | Ja |
| Algerije | Ja | Nee |
| Armenië | Ja | Nee |
| Azerbeidzjan | Ja | Nee |
| Bahama's | Ja | Nee |
| Bahrein | Ja | Nee |
| Belarus | Ja | Ja |
| België | Ja | Nee |
| Cuba | Ja | Nee |
| Denemarken | Ja | Nee |
| Duitsland | Ja | Nee |
| Ecuador | Ja | Nee |
| El Salvador | Ja | Nee |
| Ethiopië | Ja | Nee |
| EU (Europese Unie) | Ja | Nee |
| Fiji | Ja | Nee |
| Finland | Ja | Nee |
| Griekenland | Ja | Nee |
| Guatemala | Ja | Nee |
| Indonesië | Ja | Nee |
| Irak | Ja | Nee |
| Italië | Ja | Nee |
| Laos | Ja | Nee |
| Letland | Ja | Nee |
| Liechtenstein | Ja | Nee |
| Litouwen | Ja | Nee |
| Malawi | Ja | Nee |
| Moldavië | Ja | Nee |
| Myanmar | Ja | Nee |
| Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der | Ja | Nee |
| Nieuw-Zeeland | Ja | Nee |
| Oekraïne | Ja | Nee |
| Oostenrijk | Ja | Nee |
| Panama | Ja | Nee |
| Peru | Ja | Nee |
| Roemenië | Ja | Nee |
| Saint Vincent en de Grenadines | Ja | Nee |
| Saudi-Arabië | Ja | Nee |
| Servië | Ja | Nee |
| Sudan | Ja | Nee |
| Syrië | Ja | Nee |
| Tanzania | Ja | Nee |
| Tsjechië | Ja | Nee |
| Tunesië | Ja | Nee |
| Venezuela | Ja | Nee |
| Verenigd Koninkrijk | Ja | Nee |
| Verenigde Staten van Amerika | Ja | Nee |
| Zuid-Afrika | Ja | Nee |
| Zweden | Ja | Nee |
| Zwitserland | Ja | Nee |
Afghanistan
02-02-2017
[...] the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan registers its reservation in relation to Article 18 of the said Protocol.
Bezwaar Duitsland, 21-03-2017
The Federal Republic of Germany raises an objection to the reservation of the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan in relation to Article 18 of the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime, because it is incompatible with the object and purpose
of the treaty.
The declaration is a reservation, in the sense that it is a unilateral statement by
a State which purports to exclude or to modify the legal effect of certain provisions
of the treaty in their application to that state (cf. Article 2 (1) (d) of the Vienna
Convention on the Law of Treaties).
This reservation is not permissible under the terms of Article 19 of the Vienna Convention
on the Law of Treaties because it is not provided for in the Protocol and it is incompatible
with the object and purpose of the treaty (cf. Article 19 (c)). Afghanistan seeks
to exclude precisely the issue that Article 18 of the Protocol is intended to govern,
namely the return of smuggled migrants to a State Party’s own territory.
Bezwaar Oostenrijk, 18-08-2017
The Government of Austria has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime.
By seeking to exclude the application of Article 18 of the Protocol in its entirety,
the reservation contravenes the purpose of the Protocol, namely to protect the rights
of migrants and to promote cooperation among States Parties. It generally excludes
a central issue the Protocol intends to govern.
Austria therefore considers the reservation to be incompatible with the object and
purpose of the Protocol and objects to it. This objection shall not preclude the entry
into force of the Protocol between Austria and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
The Protocol will thus become operative between the two States without the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from the aforementioned reservation.
Bezwaar Tsjechië, 26-09-2017
The Government of the Czech Republic has examined the reservation made by the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan on February 2, 2017, upon accession to the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime in which the Government of the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan registered its reservation in relation to its Article 18.
The Government of the Czech Republic considers the reservation to Article 18 of the
said Protocol to be incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol, since,
in the opinion of the Government of the Czech Republic, Article 18 forms an essential
element of the Protocol and the general derogation from it impairs the raison d'être
of the Protocol.
According to Article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation
which is incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty is not permissible.
Therefore, the Government of the Czech Republic objects to the aforementioned reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This objection shall not preclude the
entry into force of the Protocol between the Czech Republic and the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan, without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Finland, 10-10-2017
The Government of Finland has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan concerning the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime.
In view of the Government of Finland, the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan to Article 18 of the Protocol is incompatible with the object and purpose
of the Protocol. The reservation purports to exclude in its entirety the operation
of an Article regulating the return of smuggled migrants. This is a central Article
of the Protocol, whose very purpose is to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants
and to promote cooperation among States Parties to that end. According to Article
19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and customary international law
reservations incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty shall not be permitted.
Therefore, the Government of Finland objects to the aforesaid reservation made by
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This objection does not preclude the entry into
force of the Protocol between Finland and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The
Protocol is thus operative between the two States without the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der, 08-11-2017
The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands has carefully examined the reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan upon accession on 2 February 2017 to the
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.
The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands considers that the general reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan regarding Article 18 of the Protocol excludes
the legal effect of a central provision of the Protocol, namely the return of smuggled
migrants to a State Party's territory.
The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands considers that a reservation of this
kind must be regarded as incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention
and would recall that according to customary international law, as codified in the
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object
and purpose of a treaty shall not be permitted.
The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands therefore objects to the aforesaid
reservation made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the Protocol.
This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol against the
Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
Bezwaar Slowakije, 16-11-2017
The Government of the Slovak Republic has carefully examined the reservation made
by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan upon its accession to the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime.
By excluding Article 18 of the said Protocol, the reservation seeks to exclude a central
issue the Protocol intends to govern, namely the protection of the rights of smuggled
migrants and promotion of cooperation among States Parties. The reservation is incompatible
with the object and the purpose of the Protocol and therefore inadmissible under Article
19 (c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
For these reasons, the Government of the Slovak Republic raises an objection to the
aforementioned reservation. This objection shall not preclude the entry into force
of the Protocol between the Slovak Republic and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
The Protocol will thus become operative between the two States without the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan benefiting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Kroatië, 21-11-2017
The Republic of Croatia has examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan at the time of its accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime.
The Republic of Croatia considers that the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan in relation to Article 18 of the said Protocol excludes one of the
most important element of the said Protocol, namely the return of smuggled migrants,
and thus is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol. The Republic
of Croatia would like to recall that, according to Article 19(c) of the Vienna Convention
no the Law of Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of
a treaty shall not be permitted.
The Republic of Croatia therefore objects to the aforementioned reservation made by
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This objection shall not preclude the entry into
force of the Protocol between the Republic of Croatia and the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan. The Protocol thus becomes operative between the two States without the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Spanje, 26-12-2017
The Kingdom of Spain has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan in relation to article 18 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of
Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime at the time of its accession to the Protocol. The reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is not admissible under article 19 of
the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties as there is no provision for such a reservation
in the Protocol and because it is incompatible with the object and purpose of the
Treaty (article 19(c)). The reservation is intended to exclude completely the application
of an article regulating the return of smuggled migrants. The article concerned is
fundamental to the Protocol, the purpose of which is to prevent and combat the smuggling
of migrants as well as to promote cooperation among States parties to that end. Thus,
the Protocol shall enter into force between both States without the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan being able to benefit from the reservation made.
Bezwaar Hongarije, 10-01-2018
The Government of Hungary has examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime whereby the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan registered
a reservation in respect to its Article 18.
The reservation of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, to exclude the application
of Article 18 in its entirety, contravenes the very purpose of the Protocol, that
is to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants by land, sea and air and to promote
cooperation among States Parties. It generally excludes a principle issue the Protocol
intends to regulate.
According to Article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation
which is incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty shall not be permitted.
Hungary considers the aforementioned reservation to be incompatible with the object
and purpose of the Protocol, therefore objects to it. This objection shall not preclude
the entry into force of the Protocol between Hungary and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
The Protocol will thus become operative between the two States without the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Litouwen, 15-01-2018
The Government of the Republic of Lithuania has carefully examined the reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan concerning the Protocol against [the]
Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime.
The Government of the Republic of Lithuania considers that Afghanistan’s reservation
to Article 18 of the said Protocol, that intends to exclude one of the most important
provision[s] of the Protocol, namely the return of smuggled migrants, is incompatible
with the object and purpose of the Protocol; and therefore objects to the aforesaid
reservation.
This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the said Protocol between
the Republic of Lithuania and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
Bezwaar Noorwegen, 16-01-2018
[…] the Government of Norway has examined the reservation made by the Government of
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in relation to Article 18 of the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime.
Article 18 governs a central element of the Protocol, namely return of smuggled migrants.
By declaring itself not bound by this provision, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
purports to exclude a central issue the Protocol intends to govern. This reservation
is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention, and the reservation
shall in accordance with Article 19 litra c of the Vienna Convention on the Law of
Treaties not be permitted.
The Government of Norway therefore objects to the reservation by the Government of
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This objection shall not preclude the entry into
force of the Protocol between the Government of Norway and the Government of the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan. The Protocol is thus operative between the two States without
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation […]
Bezwaar Estland, 16-01-2018
The Government of Estonia has examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan in relation to Article 18 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of
Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime.
Estonia considers the reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of the
Protocol and objects to it. Article 18 forms an essential element of the Protocol
and a general reservation to the article seeks to exclude the entirety of the regulation
of return of smuggled migrants.
The Government of Estonia observes that, according to customary international law
as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation incompatible
with the object and purpose of the Convention shall not be permitted. It is in the
common interest of the States that treaties to which they have chosen to become parties
are respected as to their object and purpose, by all parties, and that States are
prepared to undertake any legislative changes necessary to comply with their obligations
under the treaties.
This objection does not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol between Estonia
and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Protocol is thus operative between the
two States, without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Bulgarije, 19-01-2018
The Republic of Bulgaria has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, adopted in New York on 15 November 2000, which states that ‘... the
Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan registers its reservation in relation
to Article 18 of the said Protocol.’
The Republic of Bulgaria considers that the exclusion of the application of Article
18 of the Protocol as a whole places an obstacle to the sufficient implementation
of the obligations laid down therein concerning the return of smuggled migrants, thus
affecting the efficient cooperation among States Parties to the Protocol. Therefore,
we consider that the aforementioned reservation to Article 18 is incompatible with
the object and the purpose of the Protocol.
According to the aforesaid, the Republic of Bulgaria objects to the reservation made
by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan concerning Article 18 of the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime.
However, the Republic of Bulgaria specifies that this objection shall not preclude
the entry into force of the Protocol between the Republic of Bulgaria and the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan, without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from
its reservation.
Bezwaar Slovenië, 19-01-2018
The Republic of Slovenia has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, adopted in New York on 15 November 2000.
The·Republic of Slovenia considers that the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan regarding the exclusion of the application of Article 18 of the Protocol
in its entirety, is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol, namely
the return of smuggled migrants to a State Party’s own territory and promotion of
cooperation among States Parties and is·therefore not·permissible under Article 19
(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Furthermore, the option of reservations
to Article 18 of the Protocol is not provided for in the Protocol.
Therefore the Republic of Slovenia objects to the reservation made by Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan to Article 18 of the aforementioned Protocol. This objection shall
not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol between the Republic of Slovenia
and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Protocol shall thus become operative
between the two States without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from
this reservation.
Bezwaar Zweden, 19-01-2018
The Government of Sweden has examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, by which the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan excludes the application
of Article 18 of the Protocol in its entirety.
The Government of Sweden recalls that the purpose of the Protocol is to prevent and
combat the smuggling of migrants, as well as to promote cooperation among States Parties
to that end, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants. The reservation by
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan concerns a provision central to this purpose and
must therefore be regarded as incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.
According to customary international law, as codified in the Vienna Convention on
the Law of Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty
shall not be permitted. It is in the common interest of States that treaties to which
they have chosen to become parties are respected as to their object and purpose, by
all parties, and that States are prepared to undertake any legislative changes necessary
to comply with their obligations under the treaties.
For this reason, the Government of Sweden objects to the aforementioned reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This objection shall not preclude the
entry into force of the Protocol between Sweden and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
The Protocol enters into force in its entirety between the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
and Sweden, without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Portugal, 22-01-2018
The Government of the Portuguese Republic has examined the reservation made by the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol Against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against
Transnational Organized Crime, New York 15 November 2000.
The Government of the Portuguese Republic considers that the reservation, which seeks
to exclude Article 18, is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol
due to the fact that said Article constitute and essential part of the Protocol, as
it represents the compromise of the State in fulfilling its obligations under said
Protocol and is crucial in order to regulate the return of smuggled migrants.
The Government of the Portuguese Republic recalls that according to Article 19, subparagraph
c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, a reservation incompatible with
the object and purpose of the Convention shall not be permitted. The Government of
the Portuguese Republic thus objects to this reservation.
This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Additional Protocol
between the Portuguese Republic and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
Bezwaar België, 23-01-2018
The Kingdom of Belgium has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan upon its accession on 2 February 2017 to the Protocol against
the Smuggling of migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime.
The Kingdom of Belgium considers the reservation to article 18 of the said Protocol
as incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol. This reservation seeks
in effect to exclude in its entirety the application of a key provision of the Protocol,
namely the return of smuggled migrants.
The Kingdom of Belgium recalls that under article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the
Law of Treaties, a State shall not be permitted to make a reservation incompatible
with the object and purpose of a treaty.
Therefore, the Kingdom of Belgium objects to the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan with respect to article 18 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of
migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime.
Belgium further specifies that this objection shall not preclude the entry into force
of the Protocol between the Kingdom of Belgium and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
The Protocol therefore will thus become operative between the two States without the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefitting from its reservation.
Bezwaar Polen, 01-02-2018
The Government of the Republic of Poland has examined the reservation made by Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 15th November 2000, done
upon its [accession].
The Government of the Republic of Poland considers that the reservation made by the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is incompatible with the object and purpose of the
Protocol, and therefore – in the light of Article 19 (c) of the Vienna Convention
on the Law of Treaties, done at Vienna on 23 May 1969 - is unacceptable.
Article 18 of the Protocol states inter alia that Each State Party agrees to facilitate
and accept, without undue or unreasonable delay, the return of a person who has been
the object of conduct set forth in Article 6 (in particular migrant smuggling and
enabling a person to remain in a given state by using illegal means) and who is its
national or who has the right of permanent residence in its territory at the time
of return.
The above provisions [constitute] a significant part of the entire regulation included
in the Protocol, whose purpose is, pursuant to Article 2, to prevent and combat the
smuggling of migrants, as well as to promote cooperation among States Parties to that
end, while protecting the rights of smuggled migrants.
At the same time, it should be noted that pursuant to paragraph 8 of said Article
18, the Protocol does not affect obligations accepted under any other applicable treaty,
be it bilateral or multilateral, or any other appropriate agreement or arrangement
of an operational nature, which regulates, wholly or in part, the return of persons
who are the object of conduct set forth in Article 6.
Thus, the reservation made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan should be considered
pointless, given the provisions of the declaration ‘Joint Way Forward on migration
issues between Afghanistan and the EU’, signed on 2 October 2016 in Kabul, containing
arrangements for facilitating the return of their own citizens.
For the above reasons, the Government of the Republic of Poland objects the reservation
made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime.
Bezwaar Roemenië, 01-02-2018
The Government of Romania has examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by
Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, adopted in New York on November 15, 2000.
The Government of Romania is of the view that Article 18 of the Protocol is an essential
part of the said treaty, which aims to protect the rights of smuggled migrants·and
promote·cooperation among States Parties.
The Government of Romania considers that the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan to Article 18 in its entirety is incompatible with the object and purpose
of the Protocol and thus it is not permissible under the provisions of Article 19
of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
Therefore, the Government of Romania objects to the reservation formulated by the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the aforementioned Protocol. This objection shall
not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol between Romania and the Islamic
Republic of Afghanistan.
Bezwaar Italië, 01-02-2018
The Italian Republic has carefully examined the reservation made by the Islamic Republic
of Afghanistan on February [2], 2017 to the Protocol against the smuggling of migrants
by land, sea and air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against transnational
organized crime.
The Italian Republic considers that the reservation to article 18 of the Protocol
seeks to exclude the application of one of the main provisions of the Protocol regarding
the return of smuggled migrants, whose purpose is to protect the rights of migrants
and to promote cooperation among States Parties.
The Italian Republic considers that the reservation made by the Islamic Republic of
Afghanistan regarding article 18 of the Protocol against the smuggling of migrants
by land, sea and air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against transnational
organized crime is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol and therefore
objects to it.
This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol between the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Italian Republic.
Bezwaar Mexico, 01-02-2018
The Government of the United Mexican States has examined the reservation made the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime.
The reservation, which intends to exclude in its entirety the legal effects of article
18 of the Protocol, contravenes the object and purpose thereof. Therefore, the reservation
is not permissible under article 19 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol between the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the United Mexican States. The Protocol will thus
become operative between the two States without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
benefitting from the aforementioned reservation.
Bezwaar Griekenland, 02-02-2018
The Government of the Hellenic Republic has examined the reservation formulated by
the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan upon accession to the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime, in relation to Article 18 of the said Protocol. Article
18 which regulates the return of smuggled migrants constitutes an essential element
of the Protocol necessary to its general tenour. By seeking to exclude the application
of this Article in its entirety, the reservation contravenes the purpose of the Protocol
which, according to Article 2 thereof, is to prevent and combat the smuggling of migrants
and to promote cooperation among States Parties to that end, while protecting the
rights of smuggled migrants, and impairs its raison d'être.
The Government of the Hellenic Republic considers this reservation to be incompatible
with the object and purpose of the Protocol and would like to recall that according
to customary international law, as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of
Treaties, a reservation incompatible with the object and purpose of the Protocol is
impermissible.
Therefore, the Government of the Hellenic Republic objects to the above reservation
formulated by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. This objection shall not preclude,
however, the entry into force of the Protocol between the Hellenic Republic and the
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Protocol will thus become operative between the
two States without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan benefiting from the reservation.
Bezwaar Letland, 08-02-2018
The Government of the Republic of Latvia has carefully examined the reservations made
by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan upon ratification of the Protocol Against the
Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention
Against Transnational Organized Crime.
The Republic of Latvia considers that Article 18 of the Protocol forms the very basis
of the Protocol and its main purpose, thus no derogations from those obligations can
be made. The reservation made by the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan regarding Article
18 excludes the legal effect of [a] central provision of the Protocol, thus the reservation
is incompatible with the object and the purpose of the Protocol and therefore inadmissible
under Article 19(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties.
However, this objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Protocol between
the Republic of Latvia and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. The Protocol will
thus become operative between the two States without the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
benefitting from its reservation.
Algerije
09-03-2004
Reservations:
The Government of the Algerian People's Democratic Republic does not consider itself
bound by the provisions of article 20, paragraph 2, of this Protocol, which provides
that any dispute between two or more States concerning the interpretation or application
of the said Protocol that cannot be settled through negotiation shall, at the request
of one of those States, be submitted to arbitration or referred to the International
Court of Justice.
The Government of the Algerian People's Democratic Republic believes that any dispute
of this kind can only be submitted to arbitration or referred to the International
Court of Justice with the consent of all parties to the dispute.
Declarations:
Ratification of this Protocol by the Algerian People's Democratic Republic in no way
signifies recognition of Israel.
Such ratification cannot be construed as leading to the establishment of any kind
of relations with Israel.
Armenië
26-03-2012
[...] updated data of the national competent authority designated under the United
Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto.
Name of Authority: Police of the Republic of Armenia
Full postal address: str. Nalbandyan 130, Yerevan 0025
Name of service to be contacted: General Department on Combat against Organized Crime
Name of person to be contacted: Mr. Armen Petrosyan
Title: Police Major, Head of Division on Combat against Illegal Migration
Telephone: +374 10 523 749
Fax: +374 10 564 772
Email: armpet777@mail.ru
Office Hours: 09:00 to 18:00
Lunch breaks: from 13:00 to 14:00
GMT: +4
Languages: Russian
Acceptance of requests through INTERPOL: Yes
Formats and channels accepted: Any, for police purposes only
Specific procedure in urgent cases: Depends on the case.
Azerbeidzjan
30-10-2003
Declaration:
The Republic of Azerbaijan declares that it is unable to guarantee the application
of the provisions of the Protocol in the territories occupied by the Republic of Armenia
until these territories are liberated from that occupation.
Reservation:
In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 20 of the Protocol, the Republic of Azerbaijan
declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of Article 20.
In accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 8 of the Protocol, the Republic of Azerbaijan
declares that the Ministry of Transport is designated as an authority to receive and
respond to requests for assistance, for conformation of registry or of the right of
a vessel to fly its flag and for authorization to take appropriate measures.
Bahama's
26-09-2008
In accordance with Article 20 paragraph 3, the Commonwealth of The Bahamas enters a specific reservation to the procedure established under Article 20 paragraph 2 of the Protocol on the basis that referral of a dispute concerning the application or interpretation of the provisions of the Protocol to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice must be by consent of all the parties to the dispute.
Bahrein
07-06-2004
...the Kingdom of Bahrain does not consider itself bound by Paragraph 2 of Article 20 of the Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
Belarus
31-07-2023
The Republic of Belarus proceeds from the assumption that the provisions of paragraphs 2 – 4 of Article 20 of the Protocol shall be interpreted in good faith as not binding for the States Parties to the Protocol with the obligations to settle disputes in the International Court of Justice with that State Party to the Protocol which withdraws its reservation on non-recognition of its jurisdiction, in situations when disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol have arisen from and/or become the subject of peaceful settlement, inter alia through negotiations and/or arbitration, before, on, or immediately after the withdrawal of such a reservation.
Bezwaar Litouwen, 07-09-2023
The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Lithuania to the United Nations presents
its compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and has the honour
to transmit the objection that the Republic of Lithuania wishes to submit in regard
to the ‘Interpretative Declaration’ of the Republic of Belarus concerning the Protocol
against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, done at New York on 15 November
2000.
The Republic of Lithuania has carefully examined the ‘Interpretative Declaration’
of the Republic of Belarus effected on 31 July 2023 (C.N.225.2023.TREATIES-XVIII.12.b
(Depositary Notification)) regarding the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, done at New York on 15 November 2000, (thereinafter – Protocol).
The Republic of Lithuania objects to the said ‘Interpretative Declaration’ in so far
as it seeks to modify treaty obligations and as such amounts to an invalid reservation
that is devoid of any legal effect.
The ‘Interpretative Declaration’ posits that a State which has consented to the jurisdiction
of the International Court of Justice pursuant to Article 20 (2) of the Protocol would
not be bound by such provision vis-à-vis another State Party which has withdrawn its
reservation to that provision pursuant to Article 20 ( 4) of the Protocol ‘in situations
when disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol have arisen
from and/or become the subject of peaceful settlement, inter alia through negotiations
and/or arbitration, before, on, or immediately after the withdrawal of such a reservation’.
Pursuant to Article 20 (4) of the Protocol, however, ‘[a]ny State Party that has made
a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may at any time withdraw
that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations’.
Furthermore, pursuant to Article 20 (3) of the Protocol, a reservation to Article
20 (2) can only be made ‘at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval
of or accession to this Protocol’.
Because the Republic of Belarus acceded the Protocol without making a reservation
to Article 20 (2), it cannot now modify or exclude its effect vis-à-vis a State which,
under Article 20 (4), has exercised its right to withdraw ‘at any time’ its own reservation
to Article 20 (2).
The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Lithuania to the United Nations avails itself
of this opportunity to renew to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the assurances
of its highest consideration.
13-11-2023
[...] has the honour to transmit the following statement and clarifications of the
Republic of Belarus with respect to the Communication of the Republic of Lithuania
(C.N.374.2023.TREATIES-XVIII.12.b (Depositary Notification)) in regard to the Interpretative
Declaration of the Republic of Belarus concerning Article 20 of the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organized Crime adopted on 15 November 2000 (C.N.225.2023.TREATIESXVIII.12.b
(Depositary Notification)).
The Republic of Belarus made the Interpretative Declaration concerning Article 20
of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing
the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime adopted on 15
November 2000 (thereafter – Protocol) addressing it to all Parties to this Protocol.
The Republic of Belarus admits that States Parties have the full right to make their
declaration or indicate their disagreement in whole or in part on the substance of
its interpretative declaration to the Protocol. But at the same time their communications
or objections on the issue shall not essentially constitute disguised late reservations
to the treaty or arbitrarily distort the content and objective of the made interpretative
declaration.
The main purpose of the Interpretative Declaration is to clearly highlight the inadmissibility
of the retroactive effect of withdrawal of reservations previously made by any State
Party to the Protocol on non-recognition of the jurisdiction of the International
Court of Justice under Article 20 of the Protocol, as well as the inadmissibility
of any attempts of this State Party to extend the jurisdiction of the International
Court of Justice to the application of the Protocol in the relations with other States
Parties which took place prior to that kind of withdrawal (jurisdiction ratione temporis).
The State Parties to the Protocol that withdraw their reservations on no-recognition
of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice shall not dilute by this
action the true and fair meaning of Article 20 (3) of the Protocol containing the
wording widely used in similar provisions of many other United Nations multilateral
treaties: “The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of this article
with respect to any State Party that has made such a reservation”. These provisions
keep the validity with respect to the situations of the performance of the Protocol
happened before the withdrawals.
The communications of State Parties to the Interpretative Declaration of the Republic
of Belarus which dilute the above meaning of Article 20 (3) of the Protocol to establish
the retroactive effect of the mentioned type of the withdrawals are to be regarded
as amounting to reservations to Article 20 (3) of the Protocol, which are not envisaged
by the Protocol and shall have no any (sic) legal effect.
The retroactive effect of withdrawal of reservations is inadmissible, because it puts
the States Parties which recognized the jurisdiction of the International Court of
Justice ab initio on unequal legal footing in relation to the States Parties which
have withdrawn their reservations to Article 20 (2) of the Protocol. The latter would
get more freedom and legal certainty to plan and initiate proceedings before the International
Court of Justice than the former. Such an interpretation would be contrary to both
treaty law and the Protocol and the principle of sovereign equality of States.
The Interpretative Declaration of the Republic of Belarus does not purport to exclude
or to modify the obligations under the Protocol in their application to other parties
or deny their right to withdraw any kind of reservations earlier made. It was made
to highlight provisions of the Protocol concerning reservations on the jurisdiction
of the International Court of Justice for promoting their conventional observance,
application and interpretation (according to Part III of the 1969 Vienna Convention
on the Law of Treaties “Observance, application and interpretation of treaties”).
In addition, the Republic of Belarus interprets the practice of withdrawal of a reservation
to Article 20 (2) of the Protocol in a short period of time before the initiation
of proceedings before the International Court of Justice as a possible contradiction
to the principles pacta sunt servanda, good faith (bona fide) and free consent, depending
on the faithfulness of subsequent actions of Sates Parties concerned. These principles
are fundamental universally recognized principles of law that govern the creation,
performance and interpretation of legal obligations under treaties, including the
obligations under the Protocol (see the Preamble to the 1969 Vienna Convention on
the Law of Treaties).
The Republic of Belarus also emphasizes with its interpretative declaration that the
practice of application of Article 20 of the Protocol should not be construed to undermine
the effectiveness of all the available peaceful dispute settlement means based on
the genuine consent of the States Parties to the Protocol or to provoke an unjustified
and biased recourse to the International Court of Justice.
Therefore, in the opinion of the Belarusian Party, the objections to the Interpretative
Declaration of the Republic of Belarus alleging the latter to be a reservation constitute
themselves wrong presentations of the Interpretative Declaration of the Republic of
Belarus and/or disguised late reservations to Article 20(3) of the Protocol which
are unacceptable to Belarus as a Party to the Protocol.
Bearing the aforementioned in mind, the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Belarus
to the United Nations requests the Secretary General of the United Nations as the
Depository to disseminate this statement and clarifications of the Republic of Belarus
among all Parties to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and
Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
adopted on 15 November 2000.
[...]
België
12-12-2000
The French, Flemish and German-speaking Communities and the Regions of Wallonia, Flanders and Brussels-Capital are also bound by this signature.
11-08-2004
In accordance with article 8, paragraph 6 of the supplementary Protocol, the Federal Department of the Interior, rue de Louvain 3, 1000 Brussels (for the coastline, the Maritime coordination and rescue centre) has been designated as the authority.
Cuba
20-06-2013
The Republic of Cuba declares that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 20, paragraph 3 of the Protocol, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article.
Denemarken
08-12-2006
Authorization granted by a Danish authority pursuant to Article 8 denotes only that
Denmark will abstain from pleading infringement of Danish sovereignty in connection
with the requesting State's boarding of a vessel. Danish authorities cannot authorize
another state to take legal action on behalf of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Territorial exclusion in respect of the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
Duitsland
14-06-2006
Germany designates the
Bundesamt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie
(Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency)
Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78
D-20359 Hamburg
Tel. :+49 (0) 40-31900
Fax :+49 (0) 40-31905000
as the responsible authority under Article 8, paragraph 6 of the Protocol.
Ecuador
17-09-2002
With regard to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air,
the Government of Ecuador declares that migrants are the victims of illicit trafficking
in persons on the part of criminal organizations whose only goal is unjust and undue
enrichment at the expense of persons wishing to perform honest work abroad.
The provisions of the Protocol must be understood in conjunction with the International
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their
Families, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1990, and with
current international instruments on human rights.
Exercising the powers referred to in article 20, paragraph 3, of the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, the Government of Ecuador makes a
reservation with regard to article 20, paragraph 2, relating to the settlement of
disputes.
El Salvador
18-03-2004
With regard to article 20, paragraph 3, the Government of the Republic of El Salvador
does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this article, inasmuch as it does
not recognize the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice.
With regard to article 9, paragraph 2, it hereby declares that only in the event of
the revision of criminal judgements shall the State, in keeping with its domestic
legislation, by law compensate the victims of judicial errors that have been duly
proved.
With regard to article 18, it states that the return of smuggled migrants shall take
place to the extent possible and within the means of the State.
Ethiopië
22-06-2012
Ethiopia does not accept the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice which is provided under Article 20(2) of the said Protocol.
EU (Europese Unie)
06-09-2006
Article 21 (3) of the Protocol provides that the instrument of accession of a regional
economic integration organisation shall contain a declaration specifying the matters
governed by the Protocol in respect of which competence has been transferred to the
organisation by its Member States which are Parties to the Protocol.
The Protocol against the smuggling of migrants by land, air and sea shall apply, with
regard to the competences transferred to the European Community, to the territories
in which the Treaty establishing the European Community is applied and under the conditions
laid down in that Treaty, in particular Article 299 thereof and the Protocols annexed
to it.
This declaration is without prejudice to the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland
under the Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis into the framework of the European
Union and under the Protocol on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland, annexed
to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community.
This declaration is equally without prejudice to the position of Denmark under the
Protocol on the position of Denmark annexed to the Treaty on European Union and the
Treaty establishing the European Community.
Pursuant to Article 299, this declaration is also not applicable to the territories
of the Member States in which the said Treaty does not apply and is without prejudice
to such acts or positions as may be adopted under the Protocol by the Member States
concerned on behalf of and in the interests of those territories. In accordance with
the provision referred to above, this declaration indicates the competence that the
Member States have transferred to the Community under the Treaties in matters governed
by the Protocol. The scope and the exercise of such Community competence are, by their
nature, subject to continuous development as the Community further adopts relevant
rules and regulations, and the Community will complete or amend this declaration,
if necessary, in accordance with Article 21 (3) of the Protocol.
The Community points out that it has competence with regard to the crossing of external
borders of the Member States, regulating standards and procedures when carrying out
checks on persons at such borders and rules on visas for intended stays of no more
than three months. The Community is also competent for measures on immigration policy
regarding conditions of entry and residence and measures to counter illegal immigration
and illegal residence, including repatriation of illegal residents. Moreover, it can
take measures to ensure cooperation between the relevant departments of the administrations
of the Member States, as well as between those departments and the Commission, in
the aforementioned areas. In these fields the Community has adopted rules and regulations
and, where it has done so, it is hence solely for the Community to enter into external
undertakings with third States or competent international organisations.
In addition, Community policy in the sphere of development cooperation complements
policies pursued by Member States and includes provisions to prevent and combat smuggling
of migrants.
05-10-2022
This information concerns the modifications to the competences of the European Union
(‘EU’ or ‘Union’) with regard to matters governed by the United Nations Convention
against Transnational Organised Crime (UNTOC) and the Protocols thereto since the
entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon.
With the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon, the powers of the European Union
that succeeded the European Community have changed. This change creates the legal
obligation to inform the depositary of the new competences and to specify the scope
and extent of the EC (now EU) competences, pursuant to Article 36(3) UNTOC, Article
21(3) of the Protocol against Migrant Smuggling, and Article 16(3) of the Protocol
against Trafficking in Persons. The information contained below supplements the information
contained in the notification of 8 March 2010 to the Secretary-General of the United
Nations, in his capacity as depositary of the UN conventions.
Notably, the UNTOC and its Protocols are mixed competence agreements. They contain
provisions that fall both within exclusive competence of the EU and within shared
competence jointly together with EU Member States.
The EU acquired new competences under Title V of the Treaty of the Functioning of
the European Union (Articles 82 and 83 TFEU). These new competences comprise important
aspects of judicial cooperation in criminal matters (including mutual recognition
of judicial decisions between EU Member States) and of police cooperation (Articles
87(2) and (3), and 89 TFEU). As regards substantive criminal law, competences under
Article 83(1) TFEU extend to particularly serious crime with a cross-border dimension,
including terrorism, trafficking in human beings and sexual exploitation of women
and children, illicit drug trafficking, illicit arms trafficking, money laundering,
corruption, counterfeiting of means of payment, computer crime and organised crime.
The EU has exercised its competence by legislating in most of these policy areas,
but also other policy areas that are relevant to the Convention and its Protocols,
including in relation to smuggling of migrants, environmental crimes and the freezing
and confiscation of assets. Furthermore, the EU has established bodies responsible
for investigating, prosecuting crimes against the Union’s financial interests.
The Union notes that it has also competence to counter fraud .and any other illegal
activities affecting the financial interests of the Union (Article 325 of the Treaty
on the Functioning of the European Union, and in relation to criminal matters, Article
83(2) TFEU), including in questions relating to anti-corruption. It has exercised
its competence in this area, notably with the establishment of the European Anti-Fraud
Office, and the adoption of detailed rules on aspects of the fight against illegal
activities affecting the financial interests of the Union.
The Union has also acquired the competence to establish the European Public Prosecutor’s
Office (EPPO) (Article 86 TFEU). Established with Regulation (EU) 2017/1939, the EPPO
is competent to investigate, prosecute and bring to judgment the perpetrators of,
and accomplices to, criminal offences affecting the Union’s financial interests, notably
money laundering involving property derived from such offences, fraud affecting the
Union’s financial interests, corruption that damages or is likely to damage the Union’s
financial interests, and misappropriation that damages such interests. The EPPO is
also competent for offences regarding participation in a criminal organisation as
defined in Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA, as implemented in national law, if the
focus of the criminal activity of such a criminal organisation is to commit any of
the above-mentioned offences affecting the Union’s financial interests.
In the areas mentioned above, it is for the Union alone to enter into international
agreements with other countries or competent international organisations if such undertakings
were to affect common rules or alter their scope.
In the sphere of development cooperation, the European Union has competence to carry
out activities and conduct a common policy. This includes support to partner countries
in the ratification and implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organised Crime (UNTOC) and the use of provisions to combat cross-border crime in
agreements with partner countries. The exercise of this competence shall not prevent
Member States from exercising their competences. The Union’s development cooperation
policy and that of the Member States complement and reinforce each other.
Fiji
19-09-2017
Fiji reserves waiving its sovereign rights and declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 20.
Finland
07-09-2006
In Finland the authorities responsible for suppressing the use of vessels for smuggling of migrants by sea are the Border Guard and the National Bureau of Investigation. The authority responsible for responding to a request concerning confirmation of registry or the right of a vessel to fly the flag is the Finnish Maritime Administration.
Griekenland
11-01-2011
The Greek State ratifies … Article 13 of the Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, without prejudice to Articles 9A of the Constitution, 19(3)
of the Constitution, 8(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights, 436-457 of the
Code of Criminal Procedure and 352B of the Criminal Code, as added by Article Second
(12) of Law 3625/2007 (Government Gazette 290A), Law 2472/1997, as amended by Articles
8 of Law 2819/2000 (Government Gazette 84A), 10 of Law 3090/2002 (Government Gazette
329A) and Eighth of Law 3625/2007, Law 3471/2006 (Government Gazette 133A) and Presidential
Decree 47/2005 (Government Gazette 64A).
The Greek State makes use of Article 20(3) of the Protocol against the Smuggling of
Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, and declares that it is not bound by para. 2 of this
article.
Guatemala
02-07-2007
In accordance with article 8, paragraph 6 of the Protocol, the Goverment of the Republic
of Guatemala has designated the judiciary and the Public Prosecutor's Office as the
central authorities for the receipt of requests for mutual legal assistance, with
the power either to execute them or to transmit them to the competent authorities
for execution.
In addition to the central authorities referred to above, the Government of the Rebublic
of Guatemala has designated the Ministry of Defence, through the Navy, as the authority
to receive and respond to requests for assistance, for confirmation of registry
or of the right of a vessel to fly the Guatemalan flag and for authorization to take
appropriate measures.
Indonesië
28-09-2009
Declaration:
... the Government of the Republic of Indonesia conveys her declaration on the provision
of Article 6 paragraph (2) subparagraph c, Article 9 paragraph (1) subparagraph a,
and Article 9 paragraph (2) of the Protocol [which] will have to be implemented in
strict compliance with the principles of the sovereignty and territorial integrity
of a state;
Reservation:
... the Government of the Republic of Indonesia conveys her reservation not to be
bound by the provision of Article 20 (2) and takes the position that disputes relating
to the interpretation and application on the Protocol which have not been settled
through the channel provided for in Paragraph (1) of the said Article, may be referred
to the International Court of Justice only with the concern of all Parties to the
dispute.
Irak
16-06-2009
.....pursuant to article 8 (6) of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, the Iraqi authority to receive and respond to requests for assistance, for confirmation of registry or of the right of a vessel to fly its flag and for authorization to take appropriate measures is the Iraqi Ministry of Transportation in cooperation with the competent Iraqi security authorities.
24-05-2010
.... in order to carry out [the commitments of the] Republic of Iraq under the Convention,
the relevant Iraqi authorities have designated the Ministry of the Interior of Iraq
as the central authority with
responsibility and power to receive requests for mutual legal assistance and to take
action in accordance with articles 16 and 17 of the Convention and Article 8 of the
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air.
Italië
17-02-2009
(...) the Italian Ministry of Infrastructures and Transportations has designated the "Comando Generale del Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto" (Port Authority Headquarters) as the competent authority to receive and respond to requests for assistance, confirmation of registry or the right of a vessel to fly its flag, and authorization to take appropriate measures.
17-03-2009
The Permanent Mission of Italy to the United Nations ....has the honour to inform that a correction has been made to the English translation of the "Comando Generale del Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto" from "Port Authority Headquarters" to "Italian Coast Guard Headquarters" as the competent authority to receive and respond to requests for assistance, confirmation of registry or the right of a vessel to fly its flag, and authorization to take appropriate measures.
Laos
26-09-2003
In accordance with paragraph 3, Article 20 of the Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, the Lao People's Democratic Republic does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2, Article 20 of the present Protocol. The Lao People's Democratic Republic declares that to refer a dispute relating to interpretation and application of the present Protocol to arbitration or the International Court of Justice, the agreement of all parties concerned in the dispute is necessary.
Letland
31-08-2010
In accordance with article 8, paragraph 6 of the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, the Republic of Latvia designates the following national authorities
to receive and respond to requests for assistance, for confirmation of registry or
of the right of a vessel to fly its flag and for authorization to take appropriate
measures:
Ministry of Interior
Address:
Cierkurkalna 1st line, k-2
Riga, LV-1026
Latvia
Phone: + 371 67219263
Fax: + 371 67829686
E-mail: kanceleja@iem.gov.lv
Website: www.iem.gov.lv
Liechtenstein
22-10-2013
Notification under Article 8 (6):
National Police
Crime Investigation Division
Gewerbeweg 4
P.O. Box 684
9490 Vaduz
Principality of Liechtenstein
Phone: +423 236 79 79 (24 hours) Fax: +423 236 79 70
E-Mail: kripo(a)landespolizei.li, ipk.lp@llv.li
Languages: German, English
Office hours: 08:30 - 16:30 GMT: +1
Request by Interpol: yes
Litouwen
28-11-2023
[…] has the honour to refer to Communication No. 02-24/1318 by the Republic of Belarus
(“Belarus”) (C.N.473.2023.TREATIESXVIII.12.b (Depositary Notification)) dated 13 November
2023, concerning Lithuania’s Communication (C.N.374.2023.TREA TIES-XVIII.12.b (Depositary
Notification)) objecting to Belarus’ Interpretative Declaration on Article 20 of the
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime adopted on 15 November
2000 (“Protocol”) (C.N.225.2023.TREATIES-XVIII.12.b (Depositary Notification)).
Lithuania reiterates its strong objection to Belarus’ attempt to involve the Secretary-General,
in his function as depositary of multilateral treaties, in a bilateral disagreement
over the legal effects of Lithuania’s withdrawal of its reservation vis-a-vis the
jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (“Court”). Lithuania has no intention
to protract this exchange with Belarus in this forum, but it nonetheless feels compelled
to raise the following in response to Belarus’ latest communication.
Article 20(3) of the Protocol affirms that States may submit a reservation to Article
20(2) “at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession”
to the Protocol. For its part, Article 20(4) of the Protocol provides that “[a]ny
State Party that has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article
may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General
of the United Nations.” Lithuania submitted its reservation when it ratified the Protocol
on 12 May 2003.1 On 12 May 2023, Lithuania exercised its right to withdraw that reservation.
Consequently, Article 20(2) became binding between Lithuania and all other State Parties
that had ratified the Protocol with no reservation to it, including Belarus, with
immediate and full effect.2 Because pursuant to the terms of Article 20(4), no consent
by the State Parties was required for
Lithuania’s withdrawal to be valid and to produce its effect, Belarus’ objection to
Lithuania’s withdrawal can also not change the applicability of Article 20(2) as between
the two State Parties.
The so-called Interpretative Declaration of Belarus of 31 July 2023 (C.N.225.2023.TREATIESXVIII.
12.b (Depositary Notification)) purports to modify the legal effect of Article 20(2)
of the Protocol by excluding from the jurisdiction of the Court “situations when disputes
concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol have arisen from and/or
become the subject of peaceful settlement, inter alia through negotiations and/or
arbitration, before, on, or immediately after the withdrawal of such a reservation.”
As such, the so-called Interpretative Declaration is in fact a reservation which would
be permissible pursuant to Article 20(3) only when made “at the time of signature,
ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Protocol.” Had it wished
to limit the compulsory jurisdiction of the Court in this manner, Belarus should have
submitted a reservation, at the latest, when it ratified the Protocol on 25 June 2003.3
Belarus did not do so then, and it cannot do so now under the guise of its “Interpretative
Declaration”.
Belarus’ Communication of 13 November 2023 states that the wording of Article 20(3)
has been “widely used in similar provisions of many other United Nations multilateral
treaties.” An example of such a treaty is the United Nations Convention against Illicit
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1988). The commentary of that
convention confirms that the withdrawal of a reservation to the dispute settlement
clause brings the latter “into operation between the State [] withdrawing the declaration
and all other States [] that have not made such declarations.”4 Article 20(2) is thus
immediately applicable in the relations between Belarus – as a State that ratified
the Protocol with no reservation to it – and Lithuania – as a State that withdrew
its reservation to the dispute settlement clause.
Finally, in its Communication of 13 November 2023, Belarus seeks to deflect attention
from its impermissible reservation by casting Lithuania’s withdrawal of its reservation
as an “attempt ... to extend the jurisdiction of the [Court] to the application of
the Protocol in the relations with other States Parties which took place prior to
that kind of withdrawal (jurisdiction ratione temporis).” However, there can be no
question that the Protocol did apply in the relations between Lithuania and the other
States Parties to it, irrespective of Lithuania’s reservation to Article 20(2). The
immediate applicability of that provision after the withdrawal of Lithuania’s reservation
should not be conflated with a retroactive application of Article 20(2) or the other
provisions of the Protocol. It cannot also be denied that whether “disputes concerning
the interpretation or application of the Protocol [that] have arisen from and/or become
the subject of peaceful settlement, inter alia through negotiations and/or arbitration,
before, on, or immediately after the withdrawal of such a reservation” fall within
the jurisdiction of the Court is a matter to be determined by the Court itself pursuant
to its compétence de la compétence. Insofar as Belarus’ “Interpretive Declaration”
seeks to usurp that authority, this is yet another reason why it is in essence an
impermissible reservation.
In light of the foregoing, Lithuania requests the Secretary General of the UN as the
Depositary to disseminate this statement and clarifications of Lithuania among all
Parties to the Protocol.
[…]
Voetnoten:
1. United Nations Treaty Collection, Status of the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime
<https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-b&chapter=18&clang=_en#8>
2. International Law Commission, “Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties” (2011)
<https://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/1_8_2011.pdf>,
¶2.5.7(1) (“The withdrawal of a reservation entails the full application of the provisions
to which the reservation relates in the relations between the State or international
organization which withdraws the reservation and all the other parties, whether they
had accepted the reservation or objected to it.”)
3. United Nations Treaty Collection, Status of the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime
<https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-12-&chapter=18&clang=_en#8>.
4. Commentary on the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic
Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (20 December 1988),
<https://www.unodc.org/documents/treaties/organized_crime/Drug%20Convention/Commentary_on_the_united_nations_convention_1988_E.pdf>,
p. 418, ¶32.5 .
Malawi
17-03-2005
The Government of the Republic of Malawi in its efforts to curb and stamp out offences
related to trafficking in persons especially women and children has embarked upon
various social and legal reforms to incorporate obligations emanating from this Protocol;
Further, expressly declares its acceptance of Article 20 (2) on settlement of disputes
concerning interpretation and application of this Protocol in consonant with Article
20 (3).
The Competent Authority charged with the responsibility of coordinating and rendering
of mutual legal assistance is:
The Principal Secretary
Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security
Private Bag 331, Lilongwe 3, Malawi
Fax: 265 1 789509 Tel: 265 1 789 177
The Official Language of communication is English.
Moldavië
16-09-2005
In accordance with paragraph 3 of article 20 of the Protocol, the Republic of Moldova
does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of article 20 of the Protocol.
Until the full establishment of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova,
the provisions of the Protocol will be applied only on the territory controlled by
the authorities of the Republic of Moldova.
In accordance with paragraph 6 of article 8 of the Protocol, the Ministry of Transportation
and Communication is designated as a central authority responsible for receiving the
requests of legal assistance referred to in this article.
Myanmar
30-03-2004
The Government of the Union of Myanmar wishes to express reservation on Article 20 and does not consider itself bound by obligations to refer disputes relating to the interpretation or application of this Protocol to the International Court of Justice.
Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der
18-01-2007
The central authority of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, for the Kingdom in Europe
is:
Ministry of Justice
Department of International Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
P.O. Box 20301
2500, EH The Hague
The Netherlands
In accordance with article 8, paragraph 6, of the Convention the central authority
of Aruba is:
The Procurator-General of Aruba
Havenstraat 2,
Oranjestad
Aruba
Tel: (297) 582 1415
Fax: (297) 583 8891
om.aruba@setarnet.aw
Nieuw-Zeeland
19-07-2002
.....consistent with the constitutional status of Tokelau and taking into account the commitment of the Government of New Zealand to the development of self-government for Tokelau through an act of self-determination under the Charter of the United Nations, this ratification shall not extend to Tokelau unless and until a Declaration to this effect is lodged by the Government of New Zealand with the Depositary on the basis of appropriate consultation with that territory.....
Oekraïne
20-10-2015
In February 2014 the Russian Federation launched armed aggression against Ukraine
and occupied a part of the territory of Ukraine – the Autonomous Republic of Crimea
and the city of Sevastopol, and today exercises effective control over certain districts
of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine. These actions are in gross violation
of the Charter of the United Nations and constitute a threat to international peace
and security. The Russian Federation, as the Aggressor State and Occupying Power,
bears full responsibility for its actions and their consequences under international
law.
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/68/262 of 27 March 2014 confirmed
the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized
borders. The United Nations also called upon all States, international organizations
and specialized agencies not to recognize any alteration of the status of the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.
In this regard, Ukraine states that from 20 February 2014 and for the period of temporary
occupation by the Russian Federation of a part of the territory of Ukraine – the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol – as a result of the armed aggression
of the Russian Federation committed against Ukraine and until the complete restoration
of the constitutional law and order and effective control by Ukraine over such occupied
territory, as well as over certain districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of
Ukraine, which are temporarily not under control of Ukraine as a result of the aggression
of the Russian Federation, the application and implementation by Ukraine of the obligations
under the above [Convention], as applied to the aforementioned occupied and uncontrolled
territory of Ukraine, is limited and is not guaranteed.
Documents or requests made or issued by the occupying authorities of the Russian Federation,
its officials at any level in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol
and by the illegal authorities in certain districts of the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts
of Ukraine, which are temporarily not under control of Ukraine, are null and void
and have no legal effect regardless of whether they are presented directly or indirectly
through the authorities of the Russian Federation.
The provisions of the [Convention] regarding the possibility of direct communication
or interaction do not apply to the territorial organs of Ukraine in the Autonomous
Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, as well as in certain districts of
the Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, which are temporarily not under control
of Ukraine. The procedure of the relevant communication is determined by the central
authorities of Ukraine in Kyiv.
04-03-2022
… Ukraine … is unable to guarantee full implementation of its obligations [under the above Protocol] due to the Armed aggression of the Russian Federation and with the imposition of martial law until the complete cessation of encroachment on the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of Ukraine.
20-11-2023
[The aforementioned treaty is] implemented on the territory of Ukraine in full, with
the exception of the territories where hostilities are (were) conducted, or temporarily
occupied by the Russian Federation, on which it is impossible to fully guarantee the
Ukrainian Party’s fulfillment of its obligations under [this treaty] as a result of
the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, as well as the introduction
of martial law on the territory of Ukraine until the complete cessation of encroachment
on the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of the borders of Ukraine.
The regularly updated list of territories where hostilities are (were) conducted,
or temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation is at the link below:
https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1668-22#Text ...
Oostenrijk
28-01-2008
Notification under Article 8 (6):
Federal Ministry of Interior - Criminal Intelligence Service
Central Service for Combating Illegal Immigration / Human Trafficking
Bundesministerium für inneres - Bundeskriminalamt
Zentralstelle Bekämpfung Schlepperkriminalität / Menschenhandel
Josef Holaubek Platz 1
A - 1090 Vienna, Austria
Tel.: +43-1-24836-85383
Fax: +43-1-24836-85394
E-Mail: BMI-II-BK-3-6@bmi.gv.at
07-02-2008
Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology
Supreme Navigation Authority, Dept. IV/W1
Bundesministerium für verkehr, innovation und technologie
Oberste Schifffahrtsbehörde, Abt. IV/W1
Radetzkystrasse 2
A-1030 Vienna, Austria
Tel.: +43-1-71162-5900
Fax: +43-1-71162-5999
E-Mail: w1@bmvit.gv.at
Panama
13-12-2004
... in accordance with article 8 (6), the Republic of Panama has designated the Maritime Authority of Panama as the authority to receive and respond to requests for assistance and for confirmation of registry or of the right of a vessel to fly its flag.
Peru
04-06-2014
Article 8 (6):
Authority:
Javier Moscoso Flores
Director General of the Dirección General de Capitanías y Guardacostas, Peru
Email: jorge.moscoso@dicapi.mil.pe.
Roemenië
04-12-2002
In accordance with Article 8 paragraph 6 of the supplementing Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, the Romanian central authority designated to receive the requests for assistance is the Ministry of Public Works, Transports and Housing (Blvd. Dinicu Golescu nr. 38, sector 1 Bucuresti, tel. 223 29 81/fax,223 0272).
Saint Vincent en de Grenadines
11-04-2011
Pursuant to article 8(6), the Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines would
like to notify the Secretary-General of the following:
Designation of Authority:
Mr. Keith Miller
Commissioner of Police
Point of Contact for the Designation of the Authority
Attention: Commissioner of Police
c/o Coast Guard Base
Calliaqua
P.O.Box 3020
Kingstown
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Tel: +1784 457 4578/4554
Fax: +1784 457 4586
Email: sygcoguard@vincysurf.com
Saudi-Arabië
20-07-2007
... the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not consider itself obligated to paragraph 2 of article (20) of the Protocol.
Servië
20-04-2009
The Permanent Mission of the Republic of Serbia to the OSCE and other International
Organizations in Vienna presents its compliments to the Secretary-General of the United
Nations in his capacity of the depositary of the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC) and has the honour to notify of the Serbian
competent authority for the implementation of the Article 8 (Measures Against Smuggling
of Migrants by Sea) of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea
and Air, supplementing the UNTOC.
The requests shall be addressed to:
Name of Authority: Ministry of Infrastructure of the Republic of Serbia
Full postal address: Ministry of Infrastructure, 22-26 Nemanjina Street,
11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
Name of Service to be contacted:
Department for Water Traffic and Navigation Safety
Name of Person to be contacted:
Mr. Veljko Kovacevic, Department for
Water Traffic and Navigation Safety
Telephone: +381 11 202 90 10
Fax: +381 11 202 00 01
E-mail: vkpomorstvo@mi.gov.rs
Office hours: from 08:30 to 16:30
Time zone: GMT 1
Languages English.
Sudan
09-10-2018
[...] the Government of the Republic of Sudan, in accordance with Article (20) Paragraph (3), does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Article (20) Paragraph (2) of the Protocol.
Syrië
08-04-2009
Reservation:
The Syrian Arab Republic expresses a reservation about the Protocol against the Smuggling
of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, article 20, paragraph 2.
Declaration:
The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic is not a party to the 1951 Convention and
the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees referred to in the Protocol against
the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, article 19, paragraph 1.
Tanzania
23-06-2006
.....the notification of the designation of the necessary authority or authorities
to receive and respond to request for assistance, for confirmation of registry or
of the right of a vessel to fly its flag and for authorization to take appropriate
measures under article 8 (6) of the Protocol:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation
P.O. Box 9000
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tsjechië
24-09-2013
Without prejudice to Article 18 of the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime and the notification of the Czech Republic made in accordance with
Article 18, paragraph 13 thereof, the Czech Republic notifies, in accordance with
Article 8, paragraph 6 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, International Police Cooperation
Division as the authority responsible for receiving requests for assistance, for confirmation
of registry or of the right of a vessel to fly its flag and for authorization to take
appropriate measures and to respond thereto.
Contact details:
Police Presidium of the Czech Republic
International Police Cooperation Division
P.O. BOX 62/MPS
Strojnickà 27
170 89 Praha 7
Czech Republic
Telephone number : +420 974 834 380
Fax number: +420 974 834 716, +420 974 834 718
Email address: interpol@mvcr.cz
24-hour service
Working languages in order of preference: Czech, English, French
Tunesië
14-07-2003
In ratifying the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 15 November 2000, declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 20, paragraph 2, of the Protocol and affirms that disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Protocol may be referred to the International Court of Justice only after it has given its prior consent.
Venezuela
19-04-2005
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, in accordance with the provision of article 20 (3) of the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, formulates a reservation with respect to the provision established under paragraph 2 of the said article. Consequently, it does not consider itself obligated to refer to arbitration as a means of settlement of disputes, nor does it recognize the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice.
Verenigd Koninkrijk
10-04-2006
The United Kingdom has the honour to designate the Director of Detection at Her Majesty's
Revenue and Customs as the authority for the purposes of paragraph 6 of article 8
of the above-mentioned Protocol. Communications should be addressed as follows:
Director of Detection
Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs
Customs House
20 Lower Thames Street
London EC3R 6EE
Tel No:+44 (0) 870 785 3841 (office hours)
+44 (0) 870 785 3600 (24 hours)
Fax No: +44 (0) 870 240 3738 (24 hours)
(Office house 08:00 - 18:00 GMT:0:language English)
Please note that requests in languages other than English must be accompanied by a
translation in English. Please provide a name; telephone number; fax number; status
and requesting authority. Please also provide details of the name of port; registry
type; description of vessel; vessel port; last port of call; intended destination;
persons on board; nationality (ies); details of reasons for suspicion and intended
action.
Verenigde Staten van Amerika
03-11-2005
(1) The United States of America criminalizes most but not all forms of attempts to
commit the offenses established in accordance with Article 6, paragraph 1 of this
Protocol. With respect to the obligation under Article 6, Paragraph 2 (a), the United
States of America reserves the right to criminalize attempts to commit the conduct
described in Article 6, paragraph 1 (b), to the extent that under its laws such conduct
relates to false or fraudulent passports and other specified identity documents, constitutes
fraud or the making of a false statement, or constitutes attempted use of a false
or fraudulent visa.
(2) In accordance with Article 20, paragraph 3, the United States of America declares
that it does not consider itself bound by the obligation set forth in Article 20,
paragraph 2.
Understanding:
The United States of America understands the obligation to establish the offenses
in the Protocol as money laundering predicate offenses, in light of Article 6, paragraph
2 (b) of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, as requiring
States Parties whose money laundering legislation sets forth a list of specific predicate
offenses to include in such list a comprehensive range of offenses associated with
smuggling of migrants.
Pursuant to Article 8, paragraph 6 of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants
by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime, I request that you notify the other States concerned with the Protocol
that the Operations Center, U.S. Department of State, is designated as the United
States authority to receive and respond to requests made under the above-referenced
provision of the Protocol.
Zuid-Afrika
20-02-2004
And whereas pending a decision by the Government of the Republic of South Africa on
the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, the Government
of the Republic does not consider itself bound by the terms of Article 20 (2) of the
Protocol which provides for the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court
of Justice in differences arising out of the interpretation or application of the
Protocol. The Republic will adhere to the position that, for the submission of a particular
dispute for settlement by the International Court, the consent of all the parties
to the dispute is required in every individual case.
And whereas the Secretary-General is hereby notified, in accordance with Article 8
(6) of the Protocol, that the Director-General of the Department of Transport has
been designated as the authority to receive and respond to requests for assistance
in terms of the Protocol.
Zweden
06-09-2006
Pursuant to Article 8 (6) of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land,
Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime, Sweden designates the Ministry of Justice, as central authority to receive
and respond to requests for assistance referred to in this article.
Furthermore, the Swedish Coast Guard is a designated authority to respond to requests
of the right of a vessel to fly a Swedish flag. Such requests should be addressed
to:
NCC (National Contact Centre) Sweden at Coast Guard HQ
P.O.Box 536
S-371 23 Karlskrona
Sweden
Phone: 46 455 35 35 35 (24 hours)
Fax: 46 455 812 75 (24 hours)
E-mail:ncc.sweden@coastguard.se (24 hours).
Zwitserland
11-10-2007
Pursuant to article 8, paragraph 6, of this Protocol, the following authority has
been designated by Switzerland to receive and respond to requests for assistance,
for confirmation of registry or of the right of a vessel to fly its flag and for authorization
to take appropriate measures:
Swiss Maritime Navigation Office
Nauenstrasse 49
4002 Basel
Tel.: +41 61 270 91 20