Verdrag

Protocol tot bestrijding van wederrechtelijke daden van geweld op luchthavens voor de internationale burgerluchtvaart bij het Verdrag tot bestrijding van wederrechtelijke gedragingen tegen de veiligheid van de burgerluchtvaart, gedaan te Montreal op 23 september 1971

PartijenPartijen met een link hebben een voorbehoud.

Partij Ondertekening RatificatieO=Ondertekening zonder voorbehoud of vereiste van ratificatie R=Bekrachtiging, aanvaarding, goedkeuring of kennisgeving T=Toetreding VG=Voortgezette gebondenheid NB=Niet bekend In werking Opzegging Buiten werking
Albanië 29-04-2002 (T) 29-05-2002
Algerije 06-10-1995 (T) 05-11-1995
Andorra 22-05-2006 (T) 21-06-2006
Angola 16-01-2008 (T) 15-02-2008
Antigua en Barbuda 12-07-2010 (T) 11-08-2010
Argentinië 24-02-1988 12-02-1992 (R) 13-03-1992
Armenië 10-09-2002 (T) 10-10-2002
Australië 23-10-1990 (T) 22-11-1990
Azerbeidzjan 23-03-2000 (T) 22-04-2000
Bahama's 02-05-2008 (T) 01-06-2008
Bahrein 12-02-1996 (T) 13-03-1996
Bangladesh 27-06-2005 (T) 27-07-2005
Barbados 12-09-2002 (T) 12-10-2002
Belarus 24-02-1988 01-05-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
België 15-03-1989 20-04-1999 (R) 20-05-1999
Belize 10-06-1998 (T) 10-07-1998
Benin 19-04-2004 (T) 19-05-2004
Bhutan 26-08-2005 (T) 25-09-2005
Bolivia 01-02-2002 (T) 03-03-2002
Bosnië en Herzegovina 15-08-1994 (VG) 06-03-1992
Botswana 30-10-2000 (T) 29-11-2000
Brazilië 24-02-1988 09-05-1997 (R) 08-06-1997
Brunei 20-12-2000 (T) 19-01-2001
Bulgarije 24-02-1988 26-03-1991 (R) 25-04-1991
Burkina Faso 08-12-1998 (T) 07-01-1999
Cambodja 08-11-1996 (T) 08-12-1996
Canada 24-02-1988 02-08-1993 (R) 01-09-1993
Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek 01-07-1991 (T) 31-07-1991
Chili 24-02-1988 15-08-1989 (R) 14-09-1989
China 24-02-1988 05-03-1999 (R) 04-04-1999
Colombia 14-01-2004 (T) 13-02-2004
Comoren 10-03-2008 (T) 09-04-2008
Congo, Democratische Republiek 24-02-1988
Congo, Republiek 13-04-1989 27-09-2013 (R) 27-10-2013
Cookeilanden 14-04-2005 (T) 14-05-2005
Costa Rica 24-02-1988 22-04-2003 (R) 22-05-2003
Cuba 31-10-2001 (T) 30-11-2001
Cyprus 23-04-2002 (T) 23-05-2002
Denemarken 24-02-1988 23-11-1989 (R) 23-12-1989
Djibouti 11-06-2004 (T) 11-07-2004
Dominica 26-07-2005 (T) 25-08-2005
Dominicaanse Republiek 21-06-2016 (T) 21-07-2016
Duitsland 24-02-1988 25-04-1994 (R) 25-05-1994
Ecuador 04-03-2004 (T) 03-04-2004
Egypte 24-02-1988 25-07-2000 (R) 24-08-2000
El Salvador 08-04-1998 (T) 08-05-1998
Equatoriaal-Guinea 14-01-2004 (T) 13-02-2004
Estland 22-12-1993 (T) 21-01-1994
Ethiopië 24-02-1988 15-12-1999 (R) 14-01-2000
Fiji 21-09-1992 (T) 21-10-1992
Filipijnen 25-01-1989 17-12-2003 (R) 16-01-2004
Finland 16-11-1988 03-04-1998 (R) 03-05-1998
Frankrijk 29-03-1988 06-09-1989 (R) 06-10-1989
Gabon 20-09-1988 13-08-2003 (R) 12-09-2003
Gambia 16-06-2000 (T) 16-07-2000
Georgië 15-02-1999 (T) 17-03-1999
Ghana 24-02-1988 15-07-1997 (R) 14-08-1997
Grenada 15-01-2002 (T) 14-02-2002
Griekenland 18-04-1988 25-04-1991 (R) 25-05-1991
Guatemala 11-10-1994 (T) 10-11-1994
Guinee 01-10-1998 (T) 31-10-1998
Guinee-Bissau 17-10-2008 (T) 16-11-2008
Guyana 19-06-2002 (T) 19-07-2002
Honduras 20-01-2004 (T) 19-02-2004
Hongarije 24-02-1988 07-09-1988 (R) 06-08-1989
Ierland 29-07-1988 26-07-1991 (R) 25-08-1991
IJsland 24-02-1988 09-05-1990 (R) 08-06-1990
India 22-03-1995 (T) 21-04-1995
Indonesië 24-02-1988
Irak 31-01-1990 (T) 02-03-1990
Iran 14-02-2002 (T) 16-03-2002
Israël 24-02-1988 02-04-1993 (R) 02-05-1993
Italië 24-02-1988 13-03-1990 (R) 12-04-1990
Ivoorkust 21-03-1988 13-04-2012 (R) 13-05-2012
Jamaica 24-02-1988 18-08-2005 (R) 17-09-2005
Japan 24-04-1998 (T) 24-05-1998
Jemen 05-01-2007 (T) 04-02-2007
Joegoslavië (< 25-06-1991) 24-02-1988 21-12-1989 (R) 20-01-1990
Jordanië 30-09-1988 18-09-1992 (R) 18-10-1992
Kaapverdië 12-09-2002 (T) 12-10-2002
Kameroen 23-11-1988 13-03-2003 (R) 12-04-2003
Kazachstan 18-05-1995 (T) 17-06-1995
Kenia 05-10-1995 (T) 04-11-1995
Kirgizië 28-02-2000 (T) 29-03-2000
Koeweit 24-02-1988 08-03-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Kroatië 08-06-1993 (VG) 08-10-1991
Laos 07-10-2002 (T) 06-11-2002
Lesotho 08-06-2010 (T) 08-07-2010
Letland 13-04-1997 (T) 13-05-1997
Libanon 24-02-1988 27-05-1996 (R) 26-06-1996
Liberia 24-02-1988 10-03-2003 (R) 09-04-2003
Libië 26-07-1996 (T) 25-08-1996
Liechtenstein 26-02-2001 (T) 28-03-2001
Litouwen 04-12-1996 (T) 03-01-1997
Luxemburg 18-05-1989 14-11-2003 (R) 14-12-2003
Madagaskar 30-03-1998 (T) 29-04-1998
Malawi 24-02-1988 10-01-2014 (R) 09-02-2014
Malediven 22-03-1999 (T) 21-04-1999
Maleisië 24-02-1988 08-09-2006 (R) 08-10-2006
Mali 31-10-1990 (T) 30-11-1990
Malta 14-06-1991 (T) 14-07-1991
Marokko 08-07-1988 15-02-2002 (R) 17-03-2002
Marshalleilanden 23-06-1988 30-05-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Mauritanië 08-07-2003 (T) 07-08-2003
Mauritius 28-06-1989 17-08-1989 (R) 16-09-1989
Mexico 24-02-1988 11-10-1990 (R) 10-11-1990
Micronesia 19-03-2003 (T) 18-04-2003
Moldavië 20-06-1997 (T) 20-07-1997
Monaco 22-12-1993 (T) 21-01-1994
Mongolië 22-09-1999 (T) 22-10-1999
Montenegro 20-12-2006 (VG) 03-06-2006
Mozambique 16-01-2003 (T) 15-02-2003
Myanmar 22-05-1996 (T) 21-06-1996
Namibië 04-11-2005 (T) 04-12-2005
Nauru 19-08-2005 (T) 18-09-2005
Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der 13-04-1988 11-07-1995 (R) 10-08-1995
Nicaragua 25-04-2002 (T) 25-05-2002
Nieuw-Zeeland 11-04-1989 02-08-1999 (R) 01-09-1999
Niger 24-02-1988 23-12-2008 (T) 22-01-2009
Nigeria 25-03-2003 (T) 24-04-2003
Niue 30-09-2009 (T) 30-10-2009
Noord-Korea 11-04-1989 19-07-1995 (R) 18-08-1995
Noord-Macedonië 04-01-1995 (VG) 17-11-1991
Noorwegen 24-02-1988 29-05-1990 (R) 28-06-1990
Oekraïne 24-02-1988 03-01-1990 (R) 02-02-1990
Oezbekistan 07-02-1994 (T) 09-03-1994
Oman 27-11-1992 (T) 27-12-1992
Oostenrijk 04-07-1989 28-12-1989 (R) 27-01-1990
Pakistan 24-02-1988 26-09-2000 (R) 26-10-2000
Palau 12-10-1995 (T) 11-11-1995
Panama 10-04-1996 (T) 10-05-1996
Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea 11-07-2002 (T) 10-08-2002
Paraguay 23-07-2002 (T) 22-08-2002
Peru 24-02-1988 07-06-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Polen 24-02-1988 12-08-2004 (R) 11-09-2004
Portugal 24-02-1988 18-12-2001 (R) 17-01-2002
Qatar 17-06-2003 (T) 17-07-2003
Roemenië 24-02-1988 03-09-1998 (R) 03-10-1998
Russische Federatie 24-02-1988 31-03-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Rwanda 16-05-2002 (T) 15-06-2002
Saint Kitts en Nevis 03-09-2008 (T) 10-10-2008
Saint Lucia 11-06-1990 (R) 11-07-1990
Saint Vincent en de Grenadines 01-12-1988 29-11-1991 (R) 29-12-1991
Samoa 09-07-1998 (T) 08-08-1998
San Marino 20-01-2015 (T) 19-02-2015
Sao Tomé en Principe 08-05-2006 (T) 07-06-2006
Saudi-Arabië 24-02-1988 21-02-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Senegal 24-02-1988 24-03-2003 (R) 23-04-2003
Servië 06-09-2001 (VG) 27-04-1992
Seychellen 21-05-2004 (T) 20-06-2004
Sierra Leone 04-10-2019 (T) 03-11-2019
Singapore 22-11-1996 (T) 22-12-1996
Slovenië 27-05-1992 (VG) 25-06-1991
Slowakije 20-03-1995 (VG) 01-01-1993
Somalië 11-03-2025 (T) 10-04-2025
Spanje 02-03-1989 08-05-1991 (R) 07-06-1991
Sri Lanka 28-10-1988 11-02-1997 (R) 13-03-1997
Sudan 15-05-2000 (R) 14-06-2000
Suriname 27-03-2003 (T) 26-04-2003
Syrië 18-07-2002 (T) 17-08-2002
Tadzjikistan 29-02-1996 (T) 30-03-1996
Tanzania 09-03-2004 (T) 08-04-2004
Thailand 14-05-1996 (T) 13-06-1996
Togo 24-10-1988 09-02-1990 (R) 11-03-1990
Tonga 10-12-2002 (T) 09-01-2003
Trinidad en Tobago 03-04-2001 (T) 03-05-2001
Tsjaad 12-07-2017 (T) 11-08-2017
Tsjechië 25-03-1993 (VG) 01-01-1993
Tsjechoslowakije (<01-01-1993) 24-02-1988 21-12-1989 (R) 20-01-1990
Tunesië 07-06-1994 (T) 07-07-1994
Turkije 24-02-1988 07-07-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Turkmenistan 25-05-1999 (T) 24-06-1999
Uganda 17-03-1994 (T) 16-04-1994
Uruguay 03-12-1998 (T) 02-01-1999
Vanuatu 09-11-2005 (T) 09-12-2005
Venezuela 24-02-1988
Verenigd Koninkrijk 26-10-1988 15-11-1990 (R) 15-12-1990
Verenigde Arabische Emiraten 24-02-1988 09-03-1989 (R) 06-08-1989
Verenigde Staten van Amerika 24-02-1988 19-10-1994 (R) 18-11-1994
Vietnam 25-08-1999 (T) 24-09-1999
Zuid-Afrika 21-09-1998 (T) 21-10-1998
Zuid-Korea 24-02-1988 27-06-1990 (R) 27-07-1990
Zweden 24-02-1988 26-07-1990 (R) 25-08-1990
Zwitserland 24-02-1988 09-10-1990 (R) 08-11-1990

Uitbreiding

China

Uitgebreid tot In werking Buiten werking
Hongkong SAR 01-07-1997
Macau SAR 19-09-2002

Denemarken

Uitgebreid tot In werking Buiten werking
Faeröer 31-10-1994

Verenigd Koninkrijk

Uitgebreid tot In werking Buiten werking
Hongkong (< 01-07-1997) 21-05-1997 01-07-1997
Man 14-02-1997

Partijen met voorbehouden, verklaringen en bezwaren

Partij Voorbehoud / verklaring Bezwaren
Andorra Ja Nee
China Ja Nee
Frankrijk Ja Nee
Koeweit Ja Nee
Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der Ja Nee
Syrië Ja Nee
Verenigd Koninkrijk Ja Nee

Andorra

22-06-2006

At the time of accession to this Convention and the Protocol thereto, while possessing heliports and various helisites, does not have any airports or aerodromes within its territory or any aircraft registered in its registers.

China

05-03-1999

The reservation made by the People’s Republic of China, when it adhered to the Convention, on paragraph 1 of Article 14 of the ‘Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation’ done at Montreal on 23 September 1971 is also applicable to this Protocol.

Frankrijk

29-03-1988

29 maart 1988 en 6 september 1989
In depositing its instrument of ratification of the Protocol of 24 February 1988 for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation done at Montreal on 23 September 1971, the French Republic recalls and confirms the declaration made at the time of its accession to the said Convention, when it stated that: 'In accordance with Article 14, paragraph 2, the French Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 1 of that Article under which any dispute between two or more Contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer to the International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute of the Court.'
The above declaration is applicable to the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation of 23 September 1971.

Koeweit

08-03-1989

It is understood that the ratification of this Protocol does not mean in any way a recognition of Israel by the Government of the State of Kuwait. Furthermore, no treaty relations will arise between the State of Kuwait and Israel.

Nederlanden, het Koninkrijk der

11-07-1995

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands hereby declares that, in the light of the preamble, it understands the provisions laid down in Article II and III of the Protocol to signify the following:
- only those acts which, in view of the nature of the weapons used and the place where they are committed, cause or are likely to cause incidental loss of life or serious injury among the general public or users of international civil aviation in particular, shall be classed as acts of violence within the meaning of the new paragraph 1 bis (a), as contained in Article II of the Protocol;
- only those acts which, in view of the damage which they cause to buildings or aircraft at the airport or their disruption of the services provided by the airport, endanger or are likely to endanger the safe operation of the airport in relation to international civil aviation, shall be classed as acts of violence within the meaning of the new paragraph 1 bis (b), as contained in Article II of the Protocol.


12-12-2005

The declaration […] made upon signature and ratification for the Kingdom in Europe were reconfirmed for Aruba.


06-10-2010

The Kingdom of the Netherlands currently consists of three parts: the Netherlands, the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba. The Netherlands Antilles consists of the islands of Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
With effect from 10 October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles will cease to exist as a part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. From that date onwards, the Kingdom will consist of four parts: the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten. Curaçao and Sint Maarten will enjoy internal self-government within the Kingdom, as Aruba and, up to 10 October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles do.
These changes constitute a modification of the internal constitutional relations within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kingdom of the Netherlands will accordingly remain the subject of international law with which agreements are concluded. The modification of the structure of the Kingdom will therefore not affect the validity of the international agreements ratified by the Kingdom for the Netherlands Antilles: these agreements, including any reservations made, will continue to apply to Curaçao and Sint Maarten.
The other islands that have until now formed part of the Netherlands Antilles - Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba - will become part of the Netherlands, thus constituting "the Caribbean part of the Netherlands". The agreements that now apply to the Netherlands Antilles will also continue to apply to these islands; however, the Government of the Netherlands will now be responsible for implementing these agreements. In addition, a number of the agreements that currently apply to the Netherlands are hereby declared applicable, from 10 October 2010, to this Caribbean part of the Netherlands.


12-10-2022

The Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands hereby declares that, in the light of the preamble, it understands the provisions laid down in Article II and III of the Protocol to signify the following:
– Only those acts which, in view of the nature of the weapons used and the place where they are committed, cause or are likely to cause incidental loss of life or serious injury among the general public or users of international civil aviation in particular, shall be classed as acts of violence within the meaning of the new paragraph 1 bis (a), as contained in Article II of the Protocol;
– Only those acts which, in view of the damage which they cause to buildings or aircraft at the airport or their disruption of the services provided by the airport, endanger or are likely to endanger the safe operation of the airport in relation to international civil aviation, shall be classed as acts of violence within the meaning of the new paragraph 1 bis (b), as contained in Article II of the Protocol.

Syrië

18-07-2002

[T]he Syrian Arab Republic will not be bound by paragraph 1 of Article 14 of the Montreal Convention signed on 23 September 1971.

Verenigd Koninkrijk

15-11-1990

... the United Kingdom declares that until consultations with various territories under the territorial sovereignty of the United Kingdom are completed, the Protocol will apply in respect of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland only. Consultations with the territories are in hand and are expected to be completed by the end of 1991.

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