Overeenkomst inzake watergebieden van internationale betekenis, in het bijzonder als verblijfplaats voor watervogels
Partijen met voorbehouden, verklaringen en bezwaren
Partij | Voorbehoud / verklaring | Bezwaren |
---|---|---|
Argentinië | Ja | Nee |
Bulgarije | Ja | Nee |
Denemarken | Ja | Nee |
Duitsland | Ja | Nee |
Hongarije | Ja | Nee |
Mauritius | Ja | Nee |
Russische Federatie | Ja | Nee |
Syrië | Ja | Nee |
Argentinië
26-07-1976
[…] the Government of Argentina […] contested the mention, in the instrument deposited by the United Kingdom, of the Malouines Islands, the South Georgia Islands and the South Sandwich Islands under the erroneous denomination of 'Falkland Islands and dependencies' and their being presented as part of the overseas territories which the United Kingdom administrates, and it declared that this mention in no way affected the Argentine Government's rights over these islands, which are an integral part of its territory and which are under forceful occupation by a foreign power, a situation concerning which the General Assembly of the United Nations, by Resolutions 2065(XX) and 3160(XXVIII) noted a conflict of sovereignty over the archipelago and asked that negotiations be opened immediately between the Argentine Republic and the occupying State in order to find a definitive solution to that conflict.
Bulgarije
24-09-1975
The Government of the People's Republic of Bulgaria considers it necessary to state that Article 9 of the Convention restricts the possibility of some States to become parties to it and contradicts the universally recognized principle of the sovereign equality of States.
Denemarken
02-09-1977
[…] in spite of the great importance attached by the Danish Government to the Vadehavet
(a marshy maritime plain situation in the southern part of the west coast of Jutland)
as a wetland, it has decided not to include the Vadehavet for the time being in the
above-mentioned List.
'This decision has been taken on account of the negotiations under way between the
Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark and the Federal Republic of Germany concerning
the construction of an advanced dyke in that area, and also on account of the trilateraI
negotiations between the Governments of Denmark, the Netherlands and the Federal Republic
of Germany concerning a special agreement for the protection of the Vadehavet. The
Danish Government is convinced, however, that the Vadehavet, or certain parts thereof,
should be included in the aforesaid List once the above-mentioned negotiations have
been concluded.
Duitsland
26-02-1976
The Federal Republic of Germany in becoming a party to the Convention interprets and understands the provisions of this Convention as being of a nature not to prevent measures to be taken to protect the population of the regions concerned against floods nor to interfere with well-established rights the inhabitants of these regions may have.
Hongarije
11-04-1979
Article 9 of the Convention, which restricts the freedom of certain countries to become Parties to the Convention, contradicts the generally accepted principle of the sovereignty of States.
Mauritius
14-01-2020
[…] to register its strong objection against the extension by the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory",
of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl
Habitat, Ramsar, 2 February 1971 in respect of which the Director-General is the
depositary.
The Government of the Republic of Mauritius considers that by extending the Convention
to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory" on 8 September 1998, the United
Kingdom purported to exercise sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago - a claim which
is untenable under international law.
The Government of the Republic of Mauritius wishes to reiterate in emphatic terms
that it does not recognize the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". The fact
that the Chagos Archipelago is, and has always been, part of the territory of the
Republic of Mauritius, and that the United Kingdom has never had sovereignty over
the Chagos Archipelago, has been authoritatively established by the International
Court of Justice in its Advisory Opinion of 25 February 2019, on the Legal Consequences
of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965.
In this authoritative legal determination, the Court declared that the decolonization
of the Republic of Mauritius had not been lawfully completed in 1968, since the Chagos
Archipelago had been unlawfully detached in 1965, in violation of the right of self-determination
of peoples and the Charter of the United Nations, as applied and interpreted in accordance
with UN General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, resolution 2066
(XX) of 16 December 1965, resolution 2232 (XXI) of 20 December 1966 and resolution
2357 (XXII) of 19 December 1967. Accordingly, it went on to hold that the United Kingdom's
ongoing administration of the Chagos Archipelago, as the so-called "British Indian
Ocean Territory", was an internationally wrongful act, of a continuing nature, that
engaged the State responsibility of the United Kingdom. It determined that the United
Kingdom is under a legal obligation to terminate its unlawful colonial administration
"as rapidly as possible".
The Court further determined that all UN Member States have an obligation to cooperate
with the United Nations in facilitating the completion of the decolonization of the
Republic of Mauritius as rapidly as possible, including an obligation not to support
the continuing wrongful conduct of the United Kingdom in maintaining its colonial
administration in the Chagos Archipelago .
On 22 May 2019, the General Assembly, by an overwhelming majority of 116 votes to
6, adopted resolution 73/295. By this resolution, it endorsed the Court's Advisory
Opinion, affirmed that the Chagos Archipelago forms an integral part of the territory
of the Republic of Mauritius, and demanded that the United Kingdom terminate its unlawful
colonial administration within a maximum of six months, that is, by no later than
22 November 2019. That deadline has now expired.
Moreover, the General Assembly in its resolution called upon Member States to "cooperate
with the United Nations to ensure the completion of the decolonization of Mauritius
as rapidly as possible" and to refrain from conduct that might impede or delay the
completion of decolonization. It further called upon the United Nations and all its
specialized agencies to recognize that the Chagos Archipelago forms an integral part
of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, to support the decolonization of the
Republic of Mauritius as rapidly as possible, and to refrain from impeding that process
by recognizing the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory". Lastly, the resolution
also called upon "all other international, regional and intergovernmental organizations,
including those established by treaty," to recognize that the Chagos Archipelago forms
an integral part of the territory of the Republic of Mauritius, to support its speedy
decolonization, and to "refrain from impeding that process" by recognizing the so-called
"British Indian Ocean Territory".
The Republic of Mauritius has, over the years, consistently asserted, and hereby reasserts,
its full sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago. The Government of the Republic of
Mauritius therefore unequivocally protests against the United Kingdom's extension
of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl
Habitat to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory" and against the purported
exercise by the United Kingdom of any sovereignty, rights or jurisdiction within
the territory of the Republic of Mauritius.
For the above stated reasons, which arise from established principles of international
law as authoritatively interpreted and applied by the International Court of Justice
and endorsed by the UN General Assembly, the Government of the Republic of Mauritius
does not recognize the United Kingdom's extension of the Convention on Wetlands of
International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat to the so-called "British
Indian Ocean Territory", reserves all its rights in this regard, and calls upon all
Contracting Parties to the Convention to reject the United Kingdom's extension of
the Convention to the so-called "British Indian Ocean Territory".
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Regional Integration and International Trade of the
Republic of Mauritius kindly requests that the present objection be duly recorded,
circulated and registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations pursuant to Article
102 of the Charter of the United Nations […].
Russische Federatie
13-02-1974
The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics deems it necessary to declare that the provisions of Article 9 of the Convention restricting the possibility of some countries becoming Parties to it, contradict the universally recognized principle of the sovereign equality of States.
11-10-1976
ln its instrument of ratification, the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics indicated that it ratified the Convention while maintaining that declaration.
Syrië
05-03-1998
Accession to this Convention shall not under any circumstances be taken to mean that Syria recognizes Israel or establishes with it any relations that may derive from the provisions of this Convention.