Verdrag inzake de beginselen waaraan de activiteiten van Staten zijn onderworpen bij het onderzoek en gebruik van de kosmische ruimte, met inbegrip van de maan en andere hemellichamen

Partijen met voorbehouden, verklaringen en bezwaren

Partij	Voorbehoud / verklaring	Bezwaren
Brazilië	Ja	Nee
China	Ja	Nee
Colombia	Ja	Ja
Koeweit	Ja	Nee
Madagaskar	Ja	Nee
Slowakije	Ja	Nee
Syrië	Ja	Nee
Tsjechië	Ja	Nee
Zuid-Korea	Ja	Nee

Brazilië

05-03-1969

The Brazilian Government interprets Article X of the Treaty as clearly indicating that the granting of tracking facilities by the parties to the Treaty will depend on an agreement among the interested States.

China

30-12-1983

The Government of the People's Republic of China declares as illegal and null and void the signature on and ratification of the said Treaty on 27 January 1967 and 24 July 1970 respectively by the Taiwan authorities usurping the name of China.

Colombia

15-04-2024

The instrument of ratification includes a statement, referred to as an "interpretative declaration", an
official Department of State English translation of which reads as follows:
The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of
the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that
no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall,
likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.

Bezwaar Duitsland, 27-01-2025

The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany has carefully examined the statement, referred to as an ‘interpretative declaration’, submitted by the Republic of Colombia upon deposition of its
instrument of ratification of the Outer Space Treaty, reading:
The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights.’
The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany considers that this ‘interpretative declaration’ has no effect with regard to the legal obligations of the Republic of Colombia resulting from the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, in particular its Art. II, which states that ‘outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.’
The Government of the Federal Republic of Germany considers that the ‘interpretative declaration’ is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. This declaration shall not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Colombia.

Bezwaar Frankrijk, 31-01-2025

The Government of France has carefully considered the statement, referred to as an ‘interpretative
declaration’, submitted by the Republic of Colombia upon deposition of its instrument of ratification of the Outer Space Treaty, reading: ‘The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights. The Government of France considers that this ‘interpretative declaration’ has no effect with regard to the legal obligations of the Republic of Col[o]mbia resulting from the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, in particular its Art. II, which states that ‘[o]uter space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. The Government of France considers that the ‘interpretative declaration’ is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Outer Space Treaty. This declaration shall not preclude the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty between [the] French Republic and the Republic of Colombia. The same notification has been made to the United Kingdom on 27 January 2025 and will be made to the Federation of Russia, as depositories of the Outer Space Treaty.

Bezwaar Canada, 11-02-2025

The Government of Canada has carefully examined the interpretative declaration made by the Republic of Colombia upon ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies (the “Treaty”), which declared that:
The Colombian State reaffirms, pursuant to Articles 101 and 102 of the Constitution, that the segment of the geostationary orbit corresponding to Colombia is part of Colombia and states its understanding that no portion of this Treaty contradicts the rights claimed by the Colombian State, and that the Treaty shall, likewise, not be interpreted in violation of these rights. A declaration or statement that purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of the provisions of the Treaty in their application to the State making it constitutes a reservation within the meaning of Article 2(1)(d) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Government of Canada considers that the
above-mentioned declaration made by the Republic of Colombia, which consists of a territorial claim over a portion of outer space, purports to exclude or modify the legal effect of Article II of the Treaty and therefore constitutes, in reality, a reservation to Article II of the Treaty.
The Government of Canada notes that the reservation made by the Republic of Colombia relates to an essential provision of the Treaty, aims to exclude the obligation under that provision, and is incompatible with the object and purpose of the Treaty. The reservation made by the Republic of Colombia is, thus, inadmissible under article 19(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Government of Canada therefore objects to the aforesaid reservation made by the Republic of Colombia and declares that it does not consider itself bound by the declaration made by the Republic of Colombia. This objection does not preclude the entry into force in its entirety of the Treaty between Canada and the Republic of Colombia.

Koeweit

07-06-1972

In acceding to the Treaty on Principles governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1967, the Government of the State of Kuwait takes the view that its Accession to the said Treaty does not in any way imply its recognition of Israel nor does it oblige it to apply the provisions of the aforementioned Treaty in respect of the said country.

Madagaskar

22-08-1968

The Govemment of the Malagasy Republic understands that the provisions of Article 10 may in no way affect the principle of the national sovereignty of the State, which shall retain its freedom of decision with respect to the possible installation of foreign observation bases in its territory and shall continue to possess the right to fix, in each case, the conditions for such installation.

Slowakije

17-05-1993

In conformity with the valid principles of international law and to the extent defined by it, the Slovak Republic as one of the successor States to the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, considers itself bound, as of 1st January 1993, i.e. the date of the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, by multilateral international treaties to which the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was a party on that date, including reservations and declarations to their provisions made earlier by the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.
From among the treaties deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland this applies to the following:
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, done at London, Moscow and Washington on 27 January 1967.

Syrië

19-11-1968

In acceding to the Treaty on Principles governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1967, the Government of the State of Kuwait takes the view that its Accession to the said Treaty does not in any way imply its recognition of Israel nor does it oblige it to apply the provisions of the aforementioned Treaty in respect of the said country.

Tsjechië

29-09-1993

In conformity with the valid principles of international law and to the extent defined by it, the Czech Republic, as a successor State to the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, considers itself bound, as of 1 January [1993], i.e. the date of the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, by the multilateral international treaties to which the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic was a party on that date, including reservations and declarations to their provisions made earlier by the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic.
From among the treaties deposited with the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland this applies to the following:
Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies, done at London, Moscow and Washington, January 27, 1967.

Zuid-Korea

27-01-1967

The signing and the ratification by the Government of the Republic of Korea of the present Treaty does not in any way mean or imply the recognition of any territory or regime which has not been recognized by the Government of the Republic of Korea as a state or government.